Voice

Voice (evP¨)

Voice `yB cÖKvit 1. Active Voice KZ…©evP¨  2. Passive Voice (Kg©evP¨)

1.         Active Voice (KZ…©evP¨)t Active Voice G Subject wb‡R mwµqfv‡e KvR K‡i| †hgbt

·      He writes a letter. GLv‡b Subject He wb‡RB wPwVwU †j‡L|

2.         Passive Voice (Kg©evP¨)t  Subject wb‡R mwµqfv‡e KvR K‡i bv eis A‡b¨i KvR Zvi Dci cwZZ         nq| †hgbt He is beaten by me. GLv‡b Subject He Gi Dci gviv KvRwU cwZZ n‡q‡Q|

Assertive Sentence

Active Voice †K Passive Voice G cwieZ©b Kivi mvaviY wbqgt

1.         Structure: Active Voice Gi Object wUi Subjective Form + Tense I Person Abhvqx    Auxiliary Verb + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + By + Active Voice Gi          Subject  wUi Objective Form| †hgbt

            Active: I helped him.

            Passive: He was helped by me.

Passive Voice G e¨eüZ Auxiliary Verb:

Tense	Auxiliary Verb
Present Indefinite	Am, is, are
Present Continuous	Am being, is being, are being
Present Perfect	Have been, has been
Past Indefinite	Was, were
Past Continuous	Was being, were being
Past Perfect	Had been
Future Indefinite	Shall be, will be
Future Continuous	Shall be being, will be being
Future Perfect	Shall have been, will have been

2.         May, might, can, could, would, should, used to, ought to, have to, has to, had to,          am to, is to, are to, was to, were to, must, am/is/are/was/were + going to hy³   Active Voice   †K         Passive Voice G cwieZ©b Ki‡Z-

Structure:       Active Voice Gi Object wUi Subjective Form + Dc‡iv³ Modal Auxiliary                                                                   Verb be+ Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + By + Active Voice Gi                                                   Subject wUi Objective Form|

Note:   (Have/has/had + to), (Am, is, are, was, were +to), (am/is/are/was/were + going to)              Gi †¶‡Î Have/has/had, am, is, are, was, were Gi cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i Subject Gi                                       Number Abyhvqx|

            Active: He may create problems.

            Passive: Problems may be created by him.

            Active: I must help you.

            Passive: You must be helped by me.

            Active: They are going to start a new business.

            Passive: A new business is going to be started by them.

            Active: I have to read the book.

            Passive: The book has to be read by me.

3.         Subject + Vt (Transitive Verb) + Indirect Object + Direct Object GB Structure             wUi Passive Voice             `yBfv‡e Kiv hvq|

(i) Active Voice Gi Indirect Object wUi Subjective Form + Tense I Person Abhvqx     Auxiliary Verb + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Direct Object wU +By +      Active Voice Gi          Subject  wUi Objective Form| †hgbt

            Active: He gave me a pen.

            Passive: I was given a pen by him.

(ii) Active Voice Gi Direct Object wUi Subjective Form + Tense I Person Abhvqx      Auxiliary Verb + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Indirect Object wU +By +   Active Voice Gi          Subject  wUi Objective Form| †hgbt

            Active: He gave me a pen.

            Passive: A pen was given me by him.

4.         Subject + Vt + Indirect Object + Factitive Objective GB Structure wUi Passive    Voice   Ki‡Z-

            Active Voice Gi Indirect Object wUi Subjective Form + Tense I Person Abhvqx         Auxiliary Verb + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Factitive Object wU +By +     Active Voice Gi          Subject  wUi Objective Form| †hgbt

            Active: They elected him chairman.

            Passive: He was elected chairman by them.

Ø  Select, elect, nominate, make, call, appoint verb ¸wj‡K Factitive Verb e‡j| GB verb ¸wji Rb¨ e¨w³evPK QvovI GKwU AwZwi³ Object cÖ‡qvRb nq, GB AwZwi³ Object wU‡K Factitive/complementary object A_ev objective complement e‡j|

5.         Reflexive Object hy³   Active Voice   †K         Passive Voice G cwieZ©b Ki‡Z-

            Active Voice Gi Subject wUB + Tense I Person Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb + Principal Verb        Gi Past Participle Form + By + Reflexive Object wU| †hgbt

            Active: He killed himself.

            Passive: He was killed by himself.

6.         Subject + Vt + Indirect Object + Present Participle GB Structure wUi Passive      Voice   Ki‡Z-

            Active Voice Gi Indirect Object wUi Subjective Form + Tense I Person Abhvqx         Auxiliary Verb + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Present Participle AskwU         +By + Active Voice Gi          Subject  wUi Objective Form| †hgbt

            Active: I saw him going to market.

            Passive: He was seen going to market by me.

*          Gfv‡e Active Voice Gi Object Gi ci e¨eüZ AwZwiw³ AskwU Passive Voice Gi Principal          Verb Gi Past Participle Gi c‡i e‡m|

7.         Quasi-Passive Verb hy³          Active Voice   †K         Passive Voice G cwieZ©b Ki‡Z-

            Active Voice Gi Subject wU Subject + Tense I Person Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb +         Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + evwK Ask| †hgbt

           

            Active: Honey tastes sweet.

            Passive: Honey is tasted sweet.

            Ab¨fv‡eI Kiv hvq| †hgbt Honey is sweet when it is tasted.

8.         Need, bid, dare, hear, see, let, behold, watch, help, make GB Verb ¸wji ci  Active         Voice  G to Dn¨ _v‡K| Z‡e Passive Voice Kivi mgq emv‡Z n‡e| let Gi c‡i Passive Voice           Kivi mgqI to e‡m bv|  †hgbt

            Active: He made us laugh.

            Passive: We were made to laugh by him.

9.         wbæwjwLZ Verb ¸wji ci Preposition By bv e‡m Ab¨ Preposition e‡m|

            *Annoy Gi c‡i at/with                                                                                   *Marvel/surprise/shock Gi c‡i at

            *Seize/satisfy/please/displease Gi c‡i with               *Contain Gi c‡i in

            *Know Gi c‡i to        e‡m| †hgbt

            Active: His behaviour annoyed me.

            Passive: I was annoyed at his behaviour.

            Active: He annoyed me.

            Passive: I was annoyed with him.

Exercise

Turn the following active voices into passive ones.

1. Mr. Amit teaches you English.                    2. He gave me a pen.

3. Shimu writes a letter.                                   4. Rimi was singing a song.

5. He stopped me.                                            6. They will help us.

7. We should do our duty.                               8. Allah loves us.

9. We eat rice.                                                  10. They are flying kites.

11. He watched the boy running.                    12. I am going to post the letter.

13. He has caught a bird.                                 14. We saw them playing cricket.

15. Mim showed me a picture.                        16. They are making a noise.             

17. I will do my duty.                                      18. They were building a house.

19. They fanned themselves.                           20. The truck ran over the man.

21. She hurt herself.                                         22. He pleased us.

23. They are going to start a business.             24. We made him captain.

25. They think him to be a singer.                   26. You should keep your promise.

27. He slept a sound sleep.                              28. We hear her sing.]

29. They saw us play.                                      30. They helped us do the work.

31. Her beauty marvelled me.                          32. Panic seized us.

33. I know the boy.                                         34. She is weaving a shari.

35. Nobody knows him.                                  36. The cat kills the mice.

37. He is beating the thief.                              38. He has cut his finger.

39. I have to do it.                                           40. I am to read the book.

41. The rose smells sweet.                               42. He promised me a present.

43. I am to make a telephone call.                   44. He considers me honest.

45. Someone has picked my pocket.               46. He keeps me waiting.

47. They asked me my name.                          48. The police arrested him.

49. They painted the house red.                      50.      We can gain nothing without industry.

Imperative Sentence

1.         Vt (Transitive Verb) + Indirect Object/Direct Object GB Structure wUi Passive   Voice   Ki‡Z-

            Let + Indirect Object/Direct Object wU + be + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form.

           

            Active: Do the work

            Passive: Let the work be done.

2.         Do not + Vt (Transitive Verb) + Indirect Object/Direct Object GB Structure wUi            Passive Voice             Ki‡Z-

            Let not + Indirect Object/Direct Object wU + be + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle             Form. [Indirect Object/Direct Object wU Pronoun n‡j not D³ Pronoun Gi c‡i e‡m|]

            Active: Do not believe him.

            Passive: Let him not be believed

            Active: Do not help the able-bodied beggar.

            Passive: Let not the able-bodied beggar be helped.

3.         Vt (Transitive Verb) + Indirect Object + Direct Object GB Structure wUi             Passive Voice             Ki‡Z-

            Let + Direct Object wU + be + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form +for/to+ Indirect       Object wU| [Buy, bring, pluck etc. Gi ci for Ges Give, show, offer etc. Gi ci to e‡m|]

            Active: Buy me a fountain pen.

            Passive: Let a fountain pen be bought for me.

            Active: Give me a pen.

            Passive: Let a pen be given to me.

4.         Let + Indirect Object +Vt (Transitive Verb) + Direct Object GB Structure wUi    Passive Voice             Ki‡Z-

            Let + Direct Object wU + be + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form +by+ Indirect            Object wU|

            Active: Let me do the work.

            Passive: Let the work be done by me.

            Active: Let them finish the story.

            Passive: Let the story be finished by them.

5.         Never  hy³ Active Voice wUi    Passive Voice             Ki‡Z-

            Let never + Direct Object/Indirect Object wU + be + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle          Form. [Indirect Object/Direct Object wU Pronoun n‡j never D³ Pronoun Gi c‡i e‡m|]

            Active: Never trust a false friend.

            Passive: Let never a false friend be trusted.

            Active: Never believe him.

            Passive: Let him never be believed.

Exercise

Turn the following active voices into passive ones.

1. Let me write a letter.                                              2. Shut the window.

3. Open the door.                                                        4. Change the voice.

5. Don't kill your time.                                                6. Never tell a lie.

7. Look after your parents.                                         8. Don't make a noise.

9. Bring me the book.                                                 10. Don't play cricket.

11. Take care of your health.                                      12. Let me do it.

Interrogative Sentence

1. Auxiliary Verb hy³ Interrogative Active Voice wUi Passive Voice Ki‡Zt

            Structure:  

            Tense I Person Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb + Active Voice Gi Object wUi Subjective Form          + (be/being/been) +Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + By + Active Voice Gi     Subject wUi Objective Form + ? †hgbt

            Active: Has he finished the work?

            Passive: Has the work been finished by him?

            Active: Did he punish the boy?

            Passive: Was the boy punished by him?

2. Who hy³ Interrogative Active Voice wUi Passive Voice Ki‡Zt

            By whom + Tense I Person Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb + Active Voice Gi Object wUi     Subjective Form + (be/being/been) +Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form +? †hgbt

            Active: Who has broken the glass?

            Passive: By whom has the glass been broken?

3. Whom hy³ Interrogative Active Voice wUi Passive Voice Ki‡Zt

            Who + Tense Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb  +Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form+ By+            Active             Voice Gi Subject wUi Objective Form  +? †hgbt

            Active: Whom do you want?

            Passive: Who is wanted by you?

4. What hy³ Interrogative Active Voice wUi Passive Voice Ki‡Zt

            What + Tense Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb  +Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form+ By+           Active             Voice Gi Subject wUi Objective Form  +? †hgbt

            Active: What did he see?

            Passive: What was wanted by him?

5. Which+noun/Whose+noun hy³ Interrogative Active Voice wUi Passive Voice Ki‡Zt

            Which+noun/Whose+noun + Tense Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb  +Principal Verb Gi Past          Participle Form+ By+     Active             Voice Gi Subject wUi Objective Form  +? †hgbt

            Active: Which book do you want?

            Passive: Which book is wanted by you?

            Active: Whose pencil did you borrow?

            Passive: Whose pencil was borrowed by you?

6. Why/where/when/how hy³ Interrogative Active Voice wUi Passive Voice Ki‡Zt

            Why/where/when/how +Tense I Person Abhvqx Auxiliary Verb + Active Voice Gi   Object wUi Subjective Form + (be/being/been) +Principal Verb Gi Past Participle    Form + By + Active Voice Gi Subject wUi Objective Form + ? †hgbt

            Active: Why has he broken the glass?

            Passive: Why has the glass been broken by him?

            Active: When did you give him the book?

            Passive: When was he given the book by you?

            Active: Where did he see the girl?

            Passive: Where was the girl seen by him?

            Active: How did he complete the work?

            Passive: How was the work completed by him?

Exercise

Turn the following active voices into passive ones.

1. Did you complete your homework?               2. Have they finished their work?

3. Do you take exercise regularly?                      4. Has he done the work?

5. Are they not playing cricket?                          6. Will she recite a poem?

7. Won't you keep your promise?                       8. Haven't we started our work?

9. Shouldn't we do our duty?                             10. Should you waste your time?

11. Can you give me some money?                    12. May they use the book?

13. Will you show me the letter?                        14. Can they finish the work in time?

15. Did they see him playing cricket?                 16. Will she be doing the work?

17. Was he singing a song?                                 18. Will they have completed the work by tomorrow?

19. Have you borrowed the pen from him?        20. Will you take the opportunity?

21. What did you see in the street?                    22. What have you noticed in him?

23. What do you require?                                   24. What did she buy?

25. Who helped you in your danger?                  26. Who have broken the glasses?

27. Who are playing cricket?                              28. Who does not want happiness?

29. Whom have you beaten?                               30. Whom did you see in the market?

31. Whom has she given her glasses?                 32. Whom have they punished?

33. Whose shirt did you take?                            34. Whose glasses did you wear?

35. Which mangoes did you taste?                     36. Which clothes have you bought?

37. Where have seen him?                                  38. When did you return my book?

39. How have they done it?                                40. Why didn't you give him his book?