Tense

Tense

Tense A_© Kvj| wµqv ev KvR m¤úbœ nIqvi mgq‡KB Tense ev Kvj e‡j|

Classification: cÖavbZ †K 3fv‡M fvM Kiv nqt

1. Present Tense (eZ©gvb Kvj)

2. Past Tense (AZxZ Kvj)

3. Future Tense (fwel¨Z Kvj)

G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB Avevi 4fv‡M fvM Kiv nqt

1. Indefinite/simple   2. Continuous 

3. Perfect Simple       4. Perfect continuous

           

            AZGe Tense me©‡gvU (3x4)=12 cÖKvi| wb‡æ G‡`i MVbcÖYvjx, ‰ewkó Ges evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvq            we¯—vwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv njt

1. Present Indefinite Tense: †Kvb KvR eZ©gv‡b mPivPi msNwUZ nq eySv‡j ev wPimZ¨ A_ev Af¨vmMZ Kg© eySv‡j Present Indefinite Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt evsjv wµqvi †k‡l G, B, A, q BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K| †hgbt †m eB c‡o| GLv‡b Ôc‡oÕ wµqvwUi c~Y©iƒc njt co + G = c‡o|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He reads a book. ( †m GKwU eB c‡o|)

·      I read a book. (Avwg GKwU eB cwo|)

·      They play regularly. ( Zviv wbqwgZ †L‡j|)

Note:   Subject 3rd Person Singular Number n‡j Principal Verb Gi mv‡_ s/es †hvM Ki‡Z nq|

            Principal Verb Gi †k‡l  s, sh, ch ((P), x _vK‡j 'es' †hvM Ki‡Z nq

2. Negative: Subject + Subject  Gi Person Gi Number Abyhvqx Do/does + not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He does not read a book. ( †m GKwU eB c‡o bv|)

·      I do not read a book. (Avwg GKwU eB cwo bv|)

·      They do not play regularly. ( Zviv wbqwgZ †L‡j bv|)

Note:   Subject 3rd Person Singular Number n‡j Does  Ges evwK mKj †¶‡Î Do e¨eüZ nq|

3. Interrogative: Subject Gi Person Gi Number Abyhvqx Do/does + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Does he read a book? ( †m wK GKwU eB c‡o?)

·      Do I read a book? (Avwg wK GKwU eB cwo?)

·      Do they play regularly? ( Zviv wK wbqwgZ †L‡j?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

            Subject Gi Person Gi Number Abyhvqx Do/does + not + Subject + Principal          Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Does not Karim read a book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB c‡o bv?)

·      Do not the students study regularly? (QvÎiv wK wbqwgZ Aa¨qb K‡i bv?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

            Subject Gi Person Gi Number Abyhvqx Do/does + Subject + not + Principal          Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Does he not read a book? ( †m wK GKwU eB c‡o bv?)

·      Do they not study regularly? (Zviv wK wbqwgZ Aa¨qb K‡i bv?)

Note: Auxiliary Verb Gi mv‡_ Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡i Zv Dfq cÖKvi Subject Gi c~‡e© e¨eüZ nq| (G wbqg mKj Tense Gi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|)

·      Doesn't Karim read a book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB c‡o bv?)

·      Don't they study regularly? (Zviv wK wbqwgZ Aa¨qb K‡i bv?)

G Tense Gi wKQy ˆewkót

1. Universal Truth (wPiš—b mZ¨) Habitual Fact (Af¨vmMZ Kg©) eySv‡Z G Tense e¨eüZ nq|  

·      The moon shines at night. Pvu` iv‡Z wKib †`q| (Universal Truth)

·      I get up very early in the morning. Avwg Lye mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K DwV| (Habitual Fact)

2. Always, usually, sometimes, occasionally, often, very often, normally, generally, naturally, daily, everyday, regularly GB Adverb ¸wji mv‡_ mvaviYZ G Tense e¨eüZ nq|  

·      He always disturbs me.  (‡m Avgv‡K me©`v wei³ K‡i|)

·      He goes to school regularly. (†m wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡j hvq|)

2. Present Continuous Tense: †Kvb KvR eZ©gv‡b Pwj‡Z‡Q eySv‡Z Present Continuous Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt         evsjv wµqvi †k‡l ‡ZwQ, †ZQ, †Z‡Qb, wQ&, ‡Q&, ”Q, w”Q, †”Qb BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K|                                             †hgbt †m GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing+ Others. †hgbt

·      He is reading a book. ( †m GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q|)

·      I am reading a book. (Avwg GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQ|)

·      They are playing now. ( Zviv GLb †Lwj‡Z‡Q|)

2. Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others. †hgbt

·      He is not reading a book. ( †m GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv|)

·      I am not reading a book. (Avwg GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQ bv|)

·      They are not playing now. ( Zviv GLb †Lwj‡Z‡Q bv|)

3. Interrogative: Am/is/are + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Is he reading a book? ( †m wK GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q?)

·      Am I reading a book? (Avwg wK GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQ?)

·      Are they playing now? ( Zviv wK GLb †Lwj‡Z‡Q?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Is/are + Not + Subject  + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Is not Karim reading a book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

·      Are not the students playing now? (QvÎiv wK GLb †Lwj‡Z‡Q bv?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Am/is/are + Subject + Not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Is he not reading a book? (‡m wK GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

·      Are they not playing now? (Zviv wK GLb †Lwj‡Z‡Q bv?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Isn't Karim reading a book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

·      Isn't he reading a book? (‡m wK GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

G Tense Gi wKQy ˆewkót

1. Now, at this moment, gradually, day by day, at present _vK‡j G Tense e¨eüZ nq|  

·      He is watching TV at this moment. ‡m G gyû‡Z© wUwf †`wL‡Z‡Q|

·      The climate of Bangladesh is changing day by day. evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy w`b w`b cwieZ©b n‡”Q|

2. Feel, hear, see, smell, notice, observe, desire, dislike, love, wish, know, fear, hate, want, like, mind, prescribe, appreciate, belong, own, possess, understand, think, realise, believe, expect, recollect, remember, forget, recall, trust, G verb ¸wji Continuous Tense nq bv|  

·      I see a bird. (Avwg GKwU cvwL †`wL‡ZwQ|)

3. Present Perfect Tense: †Kvb KvR GB gvÎ †kl n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Zvi djvdj GLbI we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q                                                  eySv‡Z Present Perfect Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt  evsjv wµqvi †k‡l qvQ, qvwQ, qv‡Qb BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K|  †hgbt †m evRv‡i wMqv‡Q|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + have/has + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He has gone to market. ( †m evRv‡i wMqv‡Q|)

·      I have finished the work. (Avwg KvRwU †kl KwiqvwQ|)

·      They have arrived just now. ( Zviv GBgvÎ †cŠwQqv‡Q|)

2. Negative: Subject + have/has + not + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He has not gone to market. ( †m evRv‡i hvq bvB|)

·      I have not finished the work yet. (Avwg GLbI KvRwU †kl Kwi bvB|)

·      They have not arrived yet. ( Zviv GLbI †cŠ‡Q bvB|)

3. Interrogative: Have/has + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Has he gone to market? ( †m wK evRv‡i wMqv‡Q?)

·      Have you finished the work? (Zzwg wK KvRwU †klwU KwiqvQ?)

·      Have they arrived? ( Zviv wK †cŠ‡Q‡Q?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Have/has + Not + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Has not Helal gone to market? (†njvj wK evRv‡i hvq bvB?)

·      Have not the workers finished the work? (Kgx©iv wK KvRwU †kl K‡i bvB?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Have/has + Subject + Not + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Has he not gone to market? (†m wK evRv‡i hvq bvB?)

·      Have they not finished the work? (Zviv wK KvRwU †kl K‡i bvB?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Hasn't Helal gone to market? (†njvj wK evRv‡i hvq bvB?)

·      Haven't they finished the work? (Zviv wK KvRwU †kl K‡i bvB?)

G Tense Gi ˆewkót

1. Just, just now, yet, already, never, ever, lately, recently GB Adverb ¸wj _vK‡j G Tense nq|

·      He has just gone to market. (†m GLbB evRv‡i wMqv‡Q|)

·      I have had my lunch just now. (Avwg GBgvÎ `ycy‡ii Lvevi †L‡qwQ|)

·      I have not finished reading the book yet. (Avwg GLbI eBwU cov †kl Kwi bvB|)

·      He has already arrived. (‡m B‡Zvg‡a¨ †cŠwQqv‡Q|)

·      I have never been to Dhaka. (Avwg KLbB XvKv hvB bvB|)

·      Have you ever visited the Tazmahal? (Zzwg wK KLbI ZvRgnj †`L‡Z wMqvQ?)

·      He has recently returned home. ( †m m¤cÖwZ evwo wdwiqv‡Q|)

·      They have lately left the country. (Zviv m¤cÖwZ †`k Z¨vM Kwiqv‡Q|)

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense: †Kvb KvR AwZ‡Z ïi“ n‡qI eZ©gvb Kvj ch©š—Pwj‡Z‡Q eySv‡Z Present Perfect Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt  evsjv wµqvi †k‡l ‡ZwQ, †ZQ, †Z‡Qb, wQ&, ‡Q&, ”Q, w”Q, †”Qb  Ges (hver/awiqv A_ev wbw`©ó mgq nB‡Z) BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K|              †hgbt †m 2N›Uv hver KvRwU Kwi‡Z‡Q|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + Have/has been+ Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing+ Others. †hgbt

·      He has been reading a book for two hours. ( †m 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q|)

·      I have been reading a novel since morning. (Avwg mKvj nB‡Z GKwU Dcb¨vm cwo‡ZwQ|)

Note:  Point of time  ev wbw`©ó mg‡qi c~‡e© Since Ges Period of time  ev e¨vcK mg‡qi c~‡e For e‡m|

2. Negative: Subject + have/has + Not + Been+ Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others. †hgbt

·      He has not been reading a book for two hours. (†m 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv|)

3. Interrogative: Have/has + Subject + been + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Has he has been reading a book for two hours? (†m wK 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Have/has + Not + Subject  + been + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Has not Himel been reading a book for two hours? (wn‡gj wK 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

                                    (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Have/has + Subject +  Not + been + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Has he not been reading a book for two hours? (†m wK 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Has n't Himel been reading a book for two hours? (wn‡gj wK 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

·      Hasn't he been reading a book for two hours? (†m wK 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡Z‡Q bv?)

5. Past Indefinite Tense: AZxZKv‡j †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ n‡qwQj eySv‡Z G Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt evsjv wµqvi †k‡l j, †j, jvg BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K| †hgbt †m KvRwU K‡iwQj|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + Principal Verb Gi Past Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He read a book. (†m GKwU eB c‡owQj|)

·      I did the work. (Avwg KvRwU K‡iwQjvg|)

2. Negative: Subject + did + not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He did not read the book. (†m eBwU c‡owb|)

·      I did not do the work. (Avwg KvRwU Kwiwb|)

3. Interrogative:  Did+Subject + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Did he read the book? (†m wK eBwU c‡owQj?)

·      Did you do the work? (Zzwg wK KvRwU K‡iwQ‡j?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Did + not + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Did not Karim read the book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB c‡o wb?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Did + Subject+ not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Did he not read the book? ( †m wK eBwU c‡owb?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Didn't Karim read the book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB c‡o wb?)

·      Didn't he read the book? (†m wK eBwU c‡owb?)

G Tense Gi ˆewkót

1. Yesterday, ago, long since, last night, last week, last month, last year GB Adverb ¸wji mv‡_ mvaviYZ G Tense e¨eüZ nq|  

·      He came here yesterday. (†m MZKvj GLv‡b G‡mwQj|)

·      I did not have a wink of sleep last night. (MZiv‡Z Avwg GK‡dvUvI Nygvqwb|)

·      We visited the zoo last year. (Avgiv MZ eQi wPwoqvLvbvq †eov‡Z wM‡qwQjvg|)

6. Past Continuous Tense: AZxZKv‡j †Kvb KvR Pwj‡ZwQj eySv‡Z Past Continuous Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt         evsjv wµqvi †k‡l ‡ZwQj, †ZwQ‡j, †ZwQ‡jb, BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K|                                                               †hgbt †m GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + was/were + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing+ Others. †hgbt

·      He was reading a book. ( †m GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj|)

·      They were playing cricket. ( Zviv wµ‡KU †Lwj‡ZwQj|)

2. Negative: Subject + was/were + not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others. †hgbt

·      He was not reading a book. ( †m GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj bv|)

·      They were not playing cricket. ( Zviv wµ‡KU †Lwj‡ZwQj bv|)

3. Interrogative: Was/were + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Was he reading a book? ( †m wK GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj?)

·      Were they playing cricket? ( Zviv wK wµ‡KU †Lwj‡ZwQj?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Was/were + Not + Subject  + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Was not Karim reading a book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj bv?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Was/were + Subject + Not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Was he not reading a book? (‡m wK GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj bv?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Wasn't Karim reading a book? (Kwig wK GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj bv?)

·      Wasn't he reading a book? (‡m wK GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj bv?)

7. Past Perfect Tense: AZxZKv‡j `yBwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ A‡c¶vK…Z c~‡e© †h KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡qwQj †mwUi Past Perfect Tense Ges Ab¨wU Past Indefinite Tense nq|                                                    †hgbt weQvbvq hvevi c~‡e© Avwg `iRvwU eÜ Kijvg|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + had + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others. †hgbt

·      The patient had died before the doctor came. (Wv³vi Avmevi c~‡e© †ivwMwU gviv †Mj|)

·      The patient died after the doctor had come. (Wv³vi Avmevi ci †ivwMwU gviv †Mj|)

Note: Before Gi c~‡e© Ges After Gi c‡i Past Perfect Tense nq|

2. Negative: Subject + had + not + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He had not written the letter before I came. (Avwg Avmvi c~‡e© †m wPwVwU †j‡Lwb|)

3. Interrogative: Had + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Had he finished reading the book before Rana came?

     (ivbv Avmvi c~‡e© †m wK eBwU cov †kl KwiqvwQj?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Had + Not + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Had not Karima eaten the egg before I ordered?

     (Avwg Av‡`k †`Iqvi c~‡e© wK Kvwigv wWgwU Lvqwb?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Had + Subject + Not + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Had you not beaten him before his father arrived?

     (Zvi evev †cŠQvi c~‡e© wK Zzwg Zv‡K gviwb?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Hadn't Karima eaten the egg before I ordered?

     (Avwg Av‡`k †`Iqvi c~‡e© wK Kvwigv wWgwU Lvqwb?)

·      Hadn't you beaten him before his father arrived?

     (Zvi evev †cŠQvi c~‡e© wK Zzwg Zv‡K gviwb?)

j¶ Kit No sooner had ................................than ............................................

            Hardly had .................................... when............................................

            Scarcely had ................................. when............................................

·      cÖ_g ïb¨¯’v‡b Past Perfect Tense Ges wØZxq ïb¨¯’v‡b Past Indefinite Tense e¨eüZ nq| ‡hgbt

            No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.

            Avgiv †ók‡b †cŠuQ‡Z bv †cŠuQ‡Z †UªbwU †ókb Z¨vM Kij|

            Hardly had we reached the station when the train left.

            Avgiv †ók‡b †cŠuQ‡Z bv †cŠuQ‡Z †UªbwU †ókb Z¨vM Kij|

            Scarcely had we reached the station when the train left.

            Avgiv †ók‡b †cŠuQ‡Z bv †cŠuQ‡Z †UªbwU †ókb Z¨vM Kij|

8. Present Perfect Continuous Tense:  AZxZKv‡j `yBwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨†h KvRwU Pwj‡ZwQj †mwUi Past Perfect Continuous Tense Ges Ab¨wU Past Indefinite Tense nq|             

     †hgbt  †m Avmevi c~e© ch©š— Avwg wUwf †`L‡ZwQjvg|

Note: AZxZKv‡j †Kvb KvR mgq e¨vwcqv A_ev wbw`©ó mgq nB‡Z Pwj‡ZwQj eySvB‡ZI G Tense e¨eüZ nq|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + had been+ Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing+ Others. †hgbt

·      I had been reading a novel before he came.

     (‡m Avmevi c~e© ch©š— Avwg GKwU Dcb¨vm co‡ZwQjvg|)

2. Negative: Subject + had + Not + Been+ Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others. †hgbt

·      He had not been reading a book for two hours. (†m 2N›Uv hver GKwU eB cwo‡ZwQj bv|)

3. Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Had he been playing before you came? (Zzwg Avmvi c~e©ch©š— †m wK †Lwj‡ZwQj?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Had + Not + Subject  + been + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Had not Kamal been running in the field before met him?

     (Avwg Kvgv‡ji mv‡_ mv¶vZ Kivi c~e©ch©š— ‡m wK gv‡V †`ŠovB‡ZwQj bv?)

                                    (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Had + Subject +  Not + been + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Had he not been running in the field before met him?

     (Avwg Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vZ Kivi c~e©ch©š— ‡m wK gv‡V †`ŠovB‡ZwQj bv?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Hadn't Kamal been running in the field before met him?

     (Avwg Kvgv‡ji mv‡_ mv¶vZ Kivi c~e©ch©š— ‡m wK gv‡V †`ŠovB‡ZwQj bv?)

·      Hadn't he been running in the field before met him?

     (Avwg Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vZ Kivi c~e©ch©š— ‡m wK gv‡V †`ŠovB‡ZwQj bv?)

9. Future Indefinite Tense: †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z NU‡e eySv‡Z Future Indefinite Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt evsjv wµqvi †k‡l e, †e, †eb  BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K| †hgbt †m GKwU eB co‡e|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + shall/will +Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He will read a book. ( †m GKwU eB co‡e|)

2. Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He will not read the book. ( †m eBwU co‡e bv|)

3. Interrogative: Shall/will + Subject+ Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Will he read the book? ( †m wK eBwU co‡e?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

            Will + not + Subject + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Will not Karim read the book? ( Kwig wK eBwU co‡e bv?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

            Shall/will + Subject + not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form + Others +? †hgbt

·      Will he not read the book? ( ‡m wK eBwU co‡e bv?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Willn't Karim read the book? ( Kwig wK eBwU co‡e bv?)

·      Won't he read the book? ( ‡m wK eBwU co‡e bv?)

G Tense Gi ˆewkót

1. Tomorrow, next morning, next day, next week, next month, next year GB Adverb ¸wji mv‡_ mvaviYZ G Tense e¨eüZ nq|  

·      He will come here tomorrow. (†m AvMvgxKvj GLv‡b Avm‡e|)

10. Future Continuous Tense: †Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySv‡Z G Tense nq|

evsjvq wPwbevi Dcvqt         evsjv wµqvi †k‡l †Z _vKe, †Z _vKev, †Z _vK‡eb, †Z _vK‡e BZ¨vw` wPý _v‡K|                                        †hgbt †m GKwU eB co‡Z _vK‡e|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + shall/will be + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing+ Others. †hgbt

·      He will be reading a book. ( †m GKwU eB co‡Z _vK‡e|)

2. Negative: Subject + shall/will + not + be+ Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others. †hgbt

·      He will not be reading the book. (†m eBwU co‡Z _vK‡e bv|)

3. Interrogative: Shall/will + Subject + be + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Will he will be reading the book? (†m wK eBwU co‡Z _vK‡e?)

4. Interrogative-Negative:     (i) Subject Noun n‡jt

Will + Not + Subject  + be + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Will not Karim be reading the book? (Kwig wK eBwU co‡Z _vK‡e bv?)

                                                (ii) Subject pronoun n‡jt

Shall/will + Subject + Not + Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + Others +? †hgbt

·      Will he not be reading the book? (†m wK eBwU co‡Z _vK‡e bv?)

Contracted Form (n't) e¨envi K‡it

·      Won't Karim be reading the book? (Kwig wK eBwU co‡Z _vK‡e bv?)

·      Won't he be reading the book? (†m wK eBwU co‡Z _vK‡e bv?)

11. Future Perfect Tense: fwel¨ZKv‡j `yBwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwU A‡c¶vK…Z c~‡e© m¤úbœ n‡e †mwUi Future Perfect Tense Ges AciwUi Present Indefinite Tense nq|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + shall/will have + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle Form + Others. †hgbt

·      He will have eaten the mango before I come. (Avwg Avmvi c~‡e© †m AvgwU LvBqv _vK‡e|)

Note; fwel¨ZKv‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Kvb KvR N‡U _vK‡e eySv‡ZI G Tense e¨eüZ nq|

·      He will have reached the station by 4pm. (†m PviUvi g‡a¨ †ók‡b †cŠ‡Q _vK‡e|)

            G Tense Gi Negative, Interrogative, Interrogative-Negative Form e¨eüZ nq bv     ej‡jB P‡j|

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense: fwel¨ZKv‡j `yBwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †h KvRwU Pj‡Z _vK‡e †mwUi Future Perfect Continuous Tense Ges AciwUi Present Indefinite Tense nq|

Structure (MVbcÖYvjx)t

1. Affirmative: Subject + shall/will have been+ Principal Verb Gi Present/Base Form Gi mwnZ ing+ Others. †hgbt

·      I shall have been telling the story before he comes.

     (†m Avmvi c~e© ch©š— Avwg MíwU ej‡Z _vKe|)

Note; fwel¨ZKv‡j †Kvb KvR mgq e¨vwcqv NU‡Z _vK‡e eySv‡ZI G Tense e¨eüZ nq|

·      They will have been playing for two hours. (Zviv `yB N›Uv hver †Lj‡Z _vK‡e|)

            G Tense Gi Negative, Interrogative, Interrogative-Negative Form e¨eüZ nq bv     ej‡jB P‡j|

Exercise

Present Indefinite

‡m cÖZ¨n †Kvivb c‡o| m~h© c~e©w`‡K Ew`Z nq Ges cwðgw`‡K A¯— hvq| mvwg †ivR ¯‹z‡j hvq| †g‡qwU fvj Mvb Mvq| Avwg Zvnv‡K mvnvh¨ Kwi| Avgiv wK Zvnv‡K wPwb bv? †KnB Zvnv‡K fvjev‡m bv| †m wK b`x‡Z gvQ a‡i? evjK¸wj wK gv‡V †L‡j bv? Avwg jyWy †Lwj bv| cvwLiv wK AvKv‡k D‡o bv? ‡jvKwU dj wewµ K‡i| MvQ wK Avgv‡`i‡K Qvqv †`q bv? ‡m wK cÖZ¨n Le‡ii KvMR c‡o bv? Zzwg wK mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K DV bv? Avwg cÖZ¨n Pv cvb Kwi| mevB dzj cQ›` K‡i| evjKwU wbqwgZ Aa¨qb K‡i bv| evwjKvwU Mvb K‡i| †R‡jiv gvQ a‡i|

Present Continuous

Zvnviv †Lwj‡Z‡Q| ‡gŠgvwQ ¸b¸b Kwi‡Z‡Q| Pvlxiv Rwg Pvl Kwi‡Z‡Q| ‡Q‡jiv wK  †iŠ‡`ª †`ŠovB‡Z‡Q bv? KzKziwU †ND †ND Kwi‡Z‡Q| ‡Q‡jwU wK Nywo DovB‡Z‡Q bv? ixgv wK wPwV wjwL‡Z‡Q? ‡g‡qwU wK Kuvw`‡Z‡Q bv? ‡m ¯‹z‡j hvB‡Z‡Q| QvÎiv MÛ‡Mvj Kwi‡Z‡Q| wigv †mjvB Kwi‡Z‡Q| gv fvZ ivbœv Kwi‡Z‡Q| GLb e„wó nB‡Z‡Q| Avwg †mLv‡b hvB‡ZwQ bv| ‡m Mvwo PvjvB‡Z‡Q| ‡m †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kwi‡Z‡Q| ‡Q‡jwU muvZvi KvwU‡Z‡Q| m~h© A¯— hvB‡Z‡Q| ‡m Zvi cov ˆZix Kwi‡Z‡Q| ‡m †Uwjwfkb †`wL‡Z‡Q| Avwg fvZ LvB‡ZwQ|

Present Perfect

wZwb e¸ovq wMqv‡Qb| Zzwg KvRwU †kl KwiqvQ| kvgxg fvZ LvBqv‡Q| ‡mv‡nj eBwU cwoqv‡Q| gv fvZ ivwaqv‡Qb| Zzwg Puv` †`wLqvQ| ‡m wK Pv cvb Kwiqv‡Q? Zvnviv Mixe †jvKwU‡K mvnvh¨ Kwiqv‡Q| Zvnviv wK msev`wU ï‡b bvB? Zvnviv wK we`¨vj‡q hvq bvB? ‡Zvgiv wK Kwe bRi“‡ji bvg ïb bvB? Avwg KLbI XvKv hvB bvB| Zzwg wK KLbI w`j­x wMqvQ? ‡m Bnv ï‡b bvB| ‡m GLbI Av‡m bvB| m¤cÖwZ †m XvKv wMqv‡Q| ‡m B‡Zvg‡a¨ eBwU cov †kl Kwiqv‡Q| ‡Zvgiv Zv‡K †`L bvB| ‡m evox wdwiqv‡Q| Avwg GBgvÎ iv‡Zi Lvevi †L‡qwQ|

Present Perfect Continuous

‡m `yBN›Uv hveZ eBwU cwo‡Z‡Q| mKvj nB‡Z e„wó nB‡Z‡Q| mvwnb GK N›Uv hveZ NygvB‡Z‡Q| ‡m MZ kwbevi nB‡Z GKwU Dcb¨vm cwo‡Z‡Q| Zvnviv 10 eQi hveZ `ycPuvwPqvq evm Kwi‡Z‡Q| ‡m AvR Pviw`b hveZ mw`©Kvwk‡Z fywM‡Z‡Q| 1990 mvj nB‡Z wZwb GLv‡b KvR Kwi‡Z‡Qb| ‡m wK kwbevi nB‡Z KvRwU Kwi‡Z‡Q bv?

Past Indefinite

Zzwg †mLv‡b wM‡qwQ‡j| mywdqv GKwU Mvb MvBqvwQj| Zvnviv mfvq †hvM`vb K‡iwQj| ‡m wK GLv‡b e‡mwQj? wZwb Avgv‡K eBwU w`‡jb bv| ‡m KvRwU Kwij bv| ‡Zvgiv wK Zvnv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡j? Avwg Zvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v K‡iwQjvg| Avwg Zvi eBwU avi jBjvg| ‡m wK †Zvgv‡K MZKvj eBwU †diZ †`q wb?

Past Continuous

‡m BwZnvm cwo‡ZwQj| Zzwg AsKwU Kwi‡ZwQ‡j| Avgiv nvwm‡ZwQjvg| evZvm ewn‡ZwQj| Zvnviv wK ¯‹z‡j hvB‡ZwQj bv? ‡m wK NygvB‡ZwQj? Zvnviv gvQ awi‡ZwQj bv| ‡g‡qwU wK Mvb MvB‡ZwQj bv? Zvnviv wµ‡KU †Lwj‡ZwQj| Zzwg wK Zv‡`i covB‡ZwQ‡j? hLb Zvnviv GLv‡b G‡mwQj Avwg ZLb wUwf †`wL‡ZwQjvg| ‡m hLb †jwL‡ZwQj Avwg ZLb cwo‡ZwQjvg|

Past Perfect

Wv³vi Avwmevi c~‡e© †ivwMwU gviv †Mj| Wv³vi Avwmevi ci †ivwMwU gviv †Mj| e„wó _vgvi ci Avgiv iIbv w`jvg| N›Uv evwRevi c~‡e© Avgiv K¬v‡m cÖ‡ek Kwijvg| cix¶v ïi“ nBevi c~‡e© Avgiv ¯‹z‡j †cŠwQjvg| m~h© DVvi c~‡e© Avgiv gv‡V wMqvwQjvg| Avwg hvBevi ci Zzwg AvwmqvwQ‡j| Avwg †ók‡b †cŠwQevi c~‡e© †UªbwU Qvwoqv w`j| Zzwg Avwmevi c~‡e© Avwg wPwVUv wjwLqvwQjvg| Avgiv evox †_‡K †e‡iv‡Z bv †e‡iv‡ZB e„wó ïi“ nj| Avgiv †ók‡b †cŠuQ‡Z bv †cŠuQ‡ZB †UªbwU Qvwoqv w`j|

Past Perfect Continuous

‡m Avwmevi c~e© ch©š— Avwg wUwf †`wL‡ZwQjvg| evox †cŠwQevi c~e© ch©š— gv Avgvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kwi‡ZwQj| Zvnvi g„Zz¨i c~‡e© †m Pvigvm fywM‡ZwQj| ‡m Avwmevi c~e© ch©š— Avwg GKwU Dcb¨vm cwo‡ZwQjvg| mKvj nB‡Z e„wó nB‡ZwQj|  Zvnviv `yBN›Uv hveZ cwo‡ZwQj|

Future Indefinite

Zvnviv wµ‡KU †Lwj‡e| Avgiv ev‡m XvKv hve| ‡Zvgiv wK KvRwU Ki‡e bv? Zviv GKRb Wv³vi WvwK‡e| ‡Zvgiv wK Bs‡iRx wkwL‡e? Avgiv †mLv‡b hvBe bv| ‡g‡q¸wj bvwP‡e| Avgiv Avi A‡c¶v Kie bv| ‡m wK GKwU Qwe AvuwK‡e bv? ‡m wK Bnv cQ›` Kwi‡e?

Future Continuous

Zywg wK Kgjv weµx Ki‡Z _vK‡e? Avgiv Zvi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z _vKe| ‡m GKwU Dcb¨vm co‡Z _vK‡e| Avgiv nuvU‡Z _vKe| ‡m wK evRv‡i †h‡Z _vK‡e? Avgiv LvjwU Lbb Ki‡Z _vKe bv? ‡m wK Mvox Pvjv‡Z _vK‡e|

‡g‡qwU cvwb dzUv‡Z _vK‡e|

Future Perfect

Avwg weKvj  5Uvi g‡a¨ eBwU cov †kl Kwiqv †dwje| ‡m GZ¶‡b evwo †cŠwQqv _vwK‡e| ‡m GB LeiwU cvBqv _vwK‡e| evev Avwmevi c~‡e© Avwg KvRwU †kl Kwiqv †dwje| N›Uv cwoevi c~‡e© †Q‡jwU ¯‹z‡j †cŠwQqv _vwK‡e| ‡m wK GZ¶‡b evwo †cŠwQqv _vwK‡e bv?

Future Perfect Continuous

‡m Avwmevi c~e© ch©š— Avwg KvRwU Kwi‡Z _vwKe| Zvnviv mvZw`b a‡i KvRwU Kwi‡Z _vwK‡e| Zzwg bv Avmv ch©š— Avgiv †Lwj‡Z _vwKe| ‡Q‡j¸wj 1N›Uv hveZ wµ‡KU †Lwj‡Z _vwK‡e| ‡m bv Avmv ch©š— Avgiv A‡c¶v Kwi‡Z _vwKe|