Affirmative into Negative
1. Only/alone hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§
e¨w³i †¶‡Ît None
but
§
e¯‘i †¶‡Ît Nothing
but
§
eqm ev msL¨vi †¶‡Ît Not more than/not less than
Aff: Allah alone
can help us.
Neg: None but
Allah can help us.
Aff: Only the
fittest will survive.
Neg: None but the
fittest will survive.
Aff: I bought
only a book.
Neg: I bought
nothing but a book.
Aff: There are
only fifty pages in the book.
Neg: There are
not more than fifty pages in the book.
Aff: I am only
fifty.
Neg: I am not
more than fifty.
2. Must/Have to hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ Must/Have to Gi cwie‡Z© Cannot
but/cannot help (Cannot help e¨envi Ki‡j verb mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|)
Aff: We must die
one day.
Neg: We cannot
but die one day. Or, We cannot help dying one day.
Aff: We have to submit
to God.
Neg: We cannot
but submit to God.
3. Had to hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ Had to Gi cwie‡Z© Could not but/could
not help (Could not help e¨envi Ki‡j verb mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|)
Aff: We had to
attend the meeting.
Neg: We could not
but attend the meeting. Or, We could not help attending the meeting.
4. Every hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ There
is/was no + every Gi
c‡ii Ask+ but+ Principal Verb †_‡K †kl ch©š—|
§ There
is/was no + every Gi
c‡ii Ask+ who does/did not+ Principal Verb †_‡K †kl ch©š—|
§ Every
Gi
cwie‡Z© no Ges
Opposite word e¨envi K‡i|
Aff: Every mother
loves her child.
Neg: There is no
mother but loves her child. Or, No mother hates her child.
Aff: Every man
admired his courage.
Neg: There was no
man who did not admire his courage.
5. As soon as hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ No
sooner had+ sub + Principal Verb Gi Past Participle H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ than+ Aewkó Ask|
Aff: As soon as
he saw me, he started crying.
Neg: No sooner
had he seen me than he started crying.
6. Superlative Degree
hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ No
other+ superlative Gi c‡ii Ask + Principal Verb + So/as+ superlative wUi Positive
Form+ 1g
Subject.
Aff: He is the
best boy in the class.
Neg: No other boy
in the class is so good as he.
7. Comparative Degree
hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§
No other+ comparative Gi c‡ii Ask +
Principal Verb + So/as+ Comparative wUi Positive Form+ 1g Subject.
Aff: He is
stronger than any other player in the team.
Neg: No other
player in the team is so strong as he.
8. As ........ as hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§
cÖ_g As Gi cwie‡Z©
not less Ges wØZxq as Gi cwie‡Z© than e‡m|
Aff: He is as intelligent as his
brother.
Neg: He is not
less intelligent than his brother.
9. Less ........ than
hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§
Less Gi cwie‡Z©
not as/so Ges than Gi cwie‡Z© as e‡m|
Aff: He is less stupid than you said.
Neg: He is not so
stupid as you said.
10. ïay than hy³ Affirmative
Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§
Than Gi c‡ii sub+ verb+not as/so Ges Comparative
wUi Positive
Form+ 1g
Subject.
Aff: He is taller than I am.
Neg: I am not as
tall as he.
11. Always hy³
Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ Always
Gi cwie‡Z©
Never Ges
Opposite word e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
§
Aff: I shall always remember you.
Neg: I shall
never forget you.
12. Sometimes hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ Sometimes
Gi cwie‡Z© not always e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aff: He sometimes visits us.
Neg: He does not
always visit us.
13. Many hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ Many
Gi cwie‡Z© not a few e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aff: There are many boys in the field.
Neg: There are
not a few boys in the field.
14. A few hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ A
few Gi
cwie‡Z© not many e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aff: I have a few books.
Neg: I have not
many books.
15. Much hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ Much
Gi cwie‡Z©
not a little e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aff: I have much money.
Neg: I have not a
little money.
16. A little hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ A
little Gi cwie‡Z© not much e¨envi
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Aff: I have a little money.
Neg: I have not much
money.
17. Too .........to hy³ Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Ki‡Zt
§ Too Gi cwie‡Z© so+ adj./adv.+that+ 1g sub
+cannot/could not +gyj verb †_‡K †kl ch©š—|
Aff: He is too tired to do the work any more.
Neg: He is so tired that he cannot do the work any more.
18. KwZcq Affirmative
Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Kivi mgq not Ges opposite
word e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|
|
Neg: He is not
foolish.
Aff: Man is mortal.
Neg: Man is not
immortal.
19. Universal truth (wPiš—b
mZ¨) Affirmative Sentence ‡K Negative Sentence G cwieZ©b Interrogative-negative
Ki‡Z nq|
Aff: Health is wealth.
Neg: Isn't health
wealth?
Aff: Money is everything nowadays?
Neg: Isn't money
everything nowadays?
Word
|
Opposite
word
|
Word
|
Opposite
word
|
Word
|
Opposite
word
|
honest
|
dishonest
|
kind
|
unkind/cruel
|
love
|
hate
|
like
|
dislike
|
believe
|
disbelieve
|
believable
|
unbelievable
|
satisfied
|
dissatisfied
|
pleased
|
displeased
|
pleasant
|
unpleasant
|
possible
|
impossible
|
right
|
wrong
|
safe
|
unsafe
|
active
|
lazy
|
foolish
|
wise
|
able
|
unable
|
accept
|
refuse
|
admit
|
deny
|
normal
|
abnormal
|
grateful
|
ungrateful
|
sure
|
doubtful
|
easy
|
difficult/hard
|
willing
|
unwilling
|
attentive
|
inattentive
|
correct
|
incorrect
|
friend
|
enemy/foe
|
obedient
|
disobedient
|
real
|
unreal
|
forget
|
remember
|
mind
|
neglect
|
agree
|
disagree
|
responsible
|
irresponsible
|
ordinary
|
extraordinary
|
late
|
punctual
|
reliable
|
unreliable
|
strong
|
weak
|
solvent
|
insolvent
|
pure
|
impure
|
regular
|
irregular
|
literate
|
illiterate
|
sincere
|
insincere
|
fit
|
unfit
|
absent
|
present
|
Exercise
(Affirmative into Negative)
|
2. Only the young boy went with me.
3. Only the eligible can survive.
4. I bought only books.
5. I gave him only a torn shirt.
6. He showed me only a picture.
7. I have only twenty books on Shakespeare.
8. He is only 50.
9. There are only 10 students in the class.
10. Every man wants to lead a decent life.
11. Everybody desires a peaceful life.
12. Every life has a hope.
13. You must obey your parents.
14. We must die one day.
15. We had to give him some money.
16. He is the tallest boy in the team.
17. He is the cleverest of any boy in the
class.
18. She is
the fairest of all women in the country.
19. He is wiser than any other man in this
area.
20. You are stupider than all other boys in the class.
21.
He is braver than his brother.
22.
He is less stupid than you expected.
23.
He is as slow as a tortoise.
Negative into Affirmative
|
2. Nothing but the moon was visible.
3. He gave me nothing but some toys.
4. There is no life without a hope.
5. I have not many friends.
6. We are not inactive /lazy.
7. They are not our enemies.
8. He was never late
9. He is never absent from the school.
10. He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Assertive into Interrogative
1.
Affirmative Sentence ‡K Interrogative-negative
Ges Negative Sentence ‡K Interrogative K‡i A‡_©i cwieZ©b Qvov Interrogative MVb Kiv nq|
Assertive: He is
a liar.
Interrogative:
Isn't he a liar?
Assertive: He
disturbs us.
Interrogative:
Doesn't he disturb us?
Assertive: We
cannot believe him.
Interrogative: Can
we believe him?
Assertive: They
went to Dhaka yesterday.
Interrogative: Didn't
they go to Dhaka yesterday?
2. Everybody,
everyone, all hy³ Assertive
Sentence ‡K Interrogative
Ki‡Zt
§
Everybody,
everyone, all Gi cwie‡Z©
Who e‡m Ges Sentence wU‡K negative G cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
Assertive:
Everybody loves an honest man.
Interrogative: Who
does not love an honest man?
Assertive: All
love honesty.
Interrogative:
Who does not love honesty?
Assertive:
Everyone praised his courage.
Interrogative: Who
didn't praise his courage?
3. Nobody, No
one, None hy³ Assertive Sentence
‡K Interrogative
Ki‡Zt
§
Nobody,
No one, None Gi cwie‡Z© Who e‡m |
Assertive: None
wishes to die.
Interrogative:
Who wishes to die?
Assertive: Nobody
believes a liar.
Interrogative:
Who believes a liar?
Assertive: No one
can deny his courage.
Interrogative:
Who can deny his courage?
4. Every+noun
hy³ Assertive Sentence ‡K Interrogative
Ki‡Zt
§
Is there
any + noun + who e‡m Ges Sentence wU‡K negative G cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
Assertive: Every child
loves to play.
Interrogative: Is
there any child who does not love to play?
§
Z‡e GB
MV‡b Must _vK‡j
who Gi
c‡i will not e‡m|
Assertive: Every
man must die.
Interrogative: Is
there any man who will not die?
5. No/never/nothing
hy³ Assertive Sentence ‡K Interrogative
Ki‡Zt
§
No Gi cwie‡Z© Any, Never Gi cwie‡Z©
Ever, Nothing Gi cwie‡Z©
Anything e‡m |
Assertive: I have
nothing say about this matter.
Interrogative: Have
I anything to say about this matter?
Assertive: I have
no books to give you.
Interrogative: Have
I any books to give you?
Assertive: I
never went there.
Interrogative: Did
I ever go there?
6. Nothing
Subject wnmv‡e e¨eüZ n‡j
§
Nothing Gi cwie‡Z© What I e¨envi Kiv nq|
Assertive: Nothing
is certain.
Interrogative: What
is certain? Or, Is anything certain?
7. Nothing
but hy³ Assertive Sentence ‡K Interrogative
Ki‡Zt
§ Nothing Gi
cwie‡Z© What cÖ_‡g e‡m|
Assertive: Love
is nothing but a kind of madness.
Interrogative: What
is love but a kind of madness?
Assertive: Our
life is nothing but a struggle.
Interrogative:
What is our life but a struggle?
Exercise
1.
You want a lot of wealth.
2.
She hankers after money.
3.
We cannot give you much money.
4.
He went there of his own accord.
5.
He did it by himself.
6.
He always does his duty.
7.
None wishes to die.
8.
Nobody attended the meeting yesterday.
9.
Sometimes he irritates me.
10.
Everybody wants happiness.
11.
Everyone praised the boy for his performance.
12.
Nothing can be done for you now.
13.
I had nothing to say at that moment.
14.
He has no problem.
15.
I never went there.
16.
Life is nothing but a tale told by an idiot.
17.
Love is nothing but a kind of madness.
18.
Every man must die.
19.
Every mother loves her child.
20.
The moon looks very charming on a moonlit night.
Assertive into Imperative
1. You Øviv Imperative Sentence wU _vK‡j Structure ¸‡jv wbgœiƒct
(i) Principal Verb Gi
Present Form + Others.
Assertive: You should go home at
once
Imperative: Go home at once. .
(ii) Do
not (Don't) + Principal Verb Gi Present
Form + Others.
Assertive: You should not disturb me
any longer.
Imperative: Don't disturb me any
longer.
(iii) Please/Kindly ‡hvM
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Assertive: You are requested not
to disturb me any longer.
Imperative: Please, don't
disturb me any longer.
(iv) Never
+ Principal Verb Gi Present
Form + Others.
Assertive: You should never tell
a lie.
Imperative: Never tell a lie.
2. 1st
Person Ges 3rd Person Gi Imperative Ki‡Zt
Structure:
Let + me/him/her/them/us/Tutul + Principal Verb Gi
Present Form + Others.
Assertive: We should settle the
dispute.
Imperative: Let us settle the
dispute
Assertive: I want to finish the
story.
Imperative: Let me finish the
story.
Assertive: They want to go now.
Imperative: Let them go now.
Assertive: He wants to say whatever
he likes.
Imperative: Let him say whatever
he likes.
Exercise
1.
You are asked to vacate the room at once.
2.
You are told to leave the place now.
3.
You are asked not to come here again.
4.
You are asked never to believe a liar.
5.
You are requested to give me your pen.
6.
You are requested not to disturb me any more.
7.
I request you to help me.
8.
You should do your duty.
9.
You should not neglect your study.
10.
You should never tell a lie.
11.
You should always speak the truth.
12.
You should obey your parents.
13.
He will go now.
14.
They will play cricket.
15.
I want to finish the story.
16.
She wants to do whatever she likes.
17.
We should not play any longer.
18.
We should help the poor.
19.
We should never waste our time.
20.
We should never try to spoil the project.
Exclamatory
into Assertive
1. What a/an Øviv Exclamatory Sentence wU _vK‡jt
§
Subject+ verb+ a+ very/great + adjective + noun.
Exclamatory: What
a beautiful bird the cuckoo is!
Assertive: The
cuckoo is a very beautiful bird.
Exclamatory: What
a fool you are!
Assertive: You
are a great fool.
[N.B. Noun Gi c~‡e© great
Ges adjective/adverb Gi c~‡e© very e‡m|]
2. How Øviv Exclamatory Sentence wU _vK‡jt
§
Subject+ verb+ very + adjective/adverb.
Exclamatory: How
sweetly the cuckoo sings!
Assertive: The
cuckoo sings very sweetly.
[N.B. A‡bK mgq Exclamatory Sentence G Subject I Verb Dn¨
_v‡K| ZLb It +be verb Subject I Verb
wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq|]
Exclamatory: What
a beautiful scene!
Assertive: It is a
very beautiful scene.
Exclamatory: What
a pity!
Assertive: It is
a great pity.
3. (i) Exclamatory
Sentence Øviv Avb›`
cÖKvk Ki‡j It is a matter of
joy/delight that
(ii) " " " Avðh©
Ó Ó It
is a matter of surprise that
(iii) " " " `ytL Ó Ó It is a matter of sorrow that
(iv) " " " j¾v Ó Ó It is shameful that
Exclamatory: Bravo!
You have done well.
Assertive: It is
a matter of delight that you have done well.
Exclamatory: Hurrah!
We are victorious.
Assertive: It is
a matter of joy that we are victorious.
Exclamatory: Alas!
My mother is no more.
Assertive: It is
a matter of sorrow that my mother is no more.
Exclamatory: Fie!
Fie! You are a very naughty boy.
Assertive: It is
shameful that you are a very naughty boy.
4. If Øviv Exclamatory Sentence wU _vK‡jt
§
If Gi cieZx© Subject+wish+If Gi cieZx© Ask|
Exclamatory: If I
were a singer!
Assertive: I wish
I were a singer.
5. Had Øviv Exclamatory Sentence wU _vK‡jt
§
Had Gi cieZx© Subject+wish+had Gi cieZx©
Ask|
Exclamatory: Had
I been a king!
Assertive: I wish
I had been a king.
Exclamatory: Had
I a lot of wealth!
Assertive: I wish
I had a lot wealth.
6. Were Øviv Exclamatory Sentence wU _vK‡jt
§
Were Gi cieZx© Subject+wish+ were Gi cieZx©
Ask|
Exclamatory: Were
I a king!
Assertive: I wish
I were a king.
7. Would that Øviv Exclamatory Sentence wU _vK‡jt
§
Would
that Gi
cieZx© Subject+wish+ would that Gi cieZx© Ask|
Exclamatory:
Would that I could be a singer!
Assertive: I wish
I could be a singer!
Exercise
1.
What a terrible sight it is!
2.
What an unlucky fellow your father is!
3.
What a pathetic sight it is!
4.
What a fool you are!
5.
How foolish you are!
6.
How sweetly the girl sings!
7.
How fast her hair grows!
8.
How slowly he moves!
9.
How beautiful a girl she is!
10.
How nice a bird the cuckoo is!
11.
What an idea!
12.
How odd!
13.
Fie! Fie! You are a very bad boy.
14.
What a life!
15.
What a sight!
16.
Bravo! You have done very well.
17.
If I were a President!
18.
Had I been a millionaire!
19.
Had I possessed a lot of wealth!
20.
Had I the ability to make this country free from all kinds of corruption!
21.
Had I a lot of wealth!
22.
Hurrah! We are victorious.
23.
Alas! I am undone.
24.
Oh that! I am a very unlucky fellow.
25.
Ah! What a funny effort!
Assertive into
Exclamatory:
§ Assertive ‡_‡K Exclamatory ‡Z iƒcvš—wiZ Ki‡Z "Exclamatory
into Assertive" wbqg¸‡jvi wecixZwU AbymiY Ki‡Z nq|
Exercise
1.
I wish I were a poet.
2.
I wish I had been a merchant.
3.
I wish I had the wings of a dove.
4.
I wish I could be a child again.
5.
The sight is very pathetic.
6.
The man is very strange.
7.
It is an excellent idea.
8.
You are a great fool.
9.
It is a matter of delight that this little boy has won the race.
10.
It is shameful that you are a great liar.
11.
It is a great pity.
12.
It is a matter of joy that we are victorious.
13. The first few days of Chittagong were very charming.
14. I earnestly desire to see her once.
15. His father is a very nice fellow.
Complex into Simple and Compound
1. Since/as/when hy³ Complex Sentence Gi Dfq Clause Gi Subject GKB n‡jt
Ø
Simple
Ki‡Zt Since/as/when hy³ Clause Gi Principal Verb Gi Base Form Gi mwnZ ing + H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ ( , )+ Aci Clause wU|
[N.B. Subordinating
conjunction ¸‡jv gvSLv‡b _vK‡j ( ,
) e¨envi Ki‡Z nq bv|]
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt Since/as/when
DwV‡q w`‡q gv‡S and emv‡Z nq|
[N.B. Clause `ywUi Subject GKB n‡j and Gi c‡i Subject Avi wjL‡Z nq bv|]
Complex: When we finished the work, we
returned home.
Simple: Finishing the
work, we returned home.
Compound: We finished the work and returned home.
2. Since/as hy³ Complex Sentence Gi Dfq Clause Gi Subject GKB n‡j Ges Since/as As‡k Be/have verb _vK‡jt
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt Because of + Since/as As‡ki Subject
wUi Possessive Form+ being/having
+ H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ ( , )+ Aci Clause wU|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt Since/as DwV‡q w`‡q gv‡S and emv‡Z nq|
Complex: Since he was poor, he had to
suffer a lot.
Simple: Because of his
being poor, he had to suffer a lot.
Compound: He was poor and had to suffer a lot.
3. Since/as/when hy³ Complex Sentence Gi `ywU Clause Gi Subject Avjv`v n‡j Ges Since/as/when As‡k Be/have verb _vK‡jt
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt Since/as/when D‡V hv‡e Ges D³ Clause Gi Subject+being/having (am, is,
are, was, were=being Ges Have,
has, had=having) + H Clause
Gi evwK Ask+ ( , )+ Aci Clause wU|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt Since/as/when
DwV‡q w`‡q gv‡S and emv‡Z nq|
Complex: Since the weather was very
cold, we could not go outside.
Simple: The weather
being very cold, we could not go outside.
Compound: The weather was very cold and we could not go
outside.
4. wbw`©ó mgq, eqm, FZz wb‡`©kK Complex Sentence ‡K
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt At, in, at the age of, at the
time of+mgq wb‡`©kK Word/phrase+
( , ) Aci Clause wU| (FZz eySv‡Z In, wbw`©ó mgq eySv‡Z At, eqm eySv‡Z at the age of, †Kvb mg‡q KvR Pjv eySv‡Z at the
time of)
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt When DwV‡q
w`‡q gv‡S and emv‡Z nq|
Complex: When it was autumn, we
visited the National Zoo.
Simple: In autumn, we
visited the National zoo.
Compound: It was autumn and we visited the National
Zoo.
Complex: When it was 5p.m., I reached
the station.
Simple: At 5p.m., I
reached the station.
Compound: It was 5p.m. and I reached the station.
Complex: When I was 10, I visited the
National Zoo.
Simple: At the age of
10, I visited the National Zoo.
Compound: I was 10 and visited the National Zoo.
Complex: When it was raining, I was watching
TV.
Simple: At the time of
raining, I was watching TV.
Compound: It was raining and I was watching TV.
5. Though/although hy³ Complex Sentence ‡K
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt In spite of + though/although As‡ki Subject
wUi Possessive Form+
being/having/principal verb Gi present
form mv‡_ ing + H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ ( , )+ Aci Clause wU|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt Though/although DwV‡q w`‡q gv‡S But emv‡Z nq|
Complex: Though he had required
qualification, he did not get the job.
Simple: In spite of
his having required qualification, he did not get the job.
Compound: He had required qualification but did not get
the job.
Complex: Though he was poor, he was
honest.
Simple: In spite of
his being poor, he was honest.
Compound: He was poor but honest.
Complex: Though he worked hard, he
could not shine in life.
Simple: In spite of
his working hard, he could not shine in life.
Compound: He worked hard but could not shine in life.
6. If hy³ Complex Sentence wU Negative A_ev
Unless+ Affirmative G _vK‡j
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt Without + Gerund + H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ ( , )+ Aci Clause wU|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt If Clause
Gi
principal verb Gi present
form +H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ or + Aci Clause wU|
Complex: If you do not study hard, you
cannot make a good result.
Simple: Without
studying hard, you cannot make a good result.
Compound: Study hard or you cannot make a good result.
Complex: Unless you study hard, you
cannot make a good result.
Simple: Without
studying hard, you cannot make a good result.
Compound: Study hard or you cannot make a good result.
7. If hy³ Complex Sentence wU Affirmative G
_vK‡j
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt By + Gerund + H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ ( , )+ Aci Clause wU|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt If Clause
Gi
principal verb Gi present
form +H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ and + Aci Clause wU|
Complex: If you study hard, you can
make a good result.
Simple: By studying
hard, you can make a good result.
Compound: Study hard and you can make a good result.
8. So .......... that hy³ Complex Sentence wU _vK‡j
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt So Gi
¯’‡j too + H Clause
Gi evwK Ask+ to+ Aci Clause Gi Principal verb Gi present form †_‡K †kl ch©š—|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt So Gi ¯’‡j very + H Clause Gi evwK Ask+ and so+ Aci Clause wU|
Complex: He is so weak that he cannot
walk.
Simple: He is too weak
to walk.
Compound: He is very weak and so he cannot walk.
* Z‡e Clause `ywUi Subject Avjv`v n‡jt Simple Kivi
mgq Structure wU
wbgœiƒct
Ø So Gi ¯’‡j too
+ H Clause Gi evwK Ask for+ that Gi cieZx© subject wUi objective form+ to+ Aci Clause Gi Principal verb Gi present form †_‡K †kl ch©š—|
Complex: The water was so salty that
we could not drink.
Simple: The water was
too salty for us to drink.
Compound: The water was very salty and so we could not
drink.
9. So that/in order
that/so as that hy³ Complex
Sentence wU _vK‡j
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt So that Gi c~e© ch©š—+ to/in order to/so
as to+ so that Clause Gi Principal
verb Gi present form †_‡K †kl ch©š—|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt D‡Ïk¨g~jK Clause Gi Subject+want/wanted to+ H Clause Gi Principal verb Gi present form †_‡K †kl ch©š—+ and + Aci Clause wU|
Complex: He worked hard so that he
could shine in life.
Simple: He worked hard
to shine in life.
Compound: He wanted to shine in life and worked hard.
10. Relative Pronoun hy³ Complex Sentence wU _vK‡j
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt Relative Pronoun Gi c~e© ch©š—+ Relative Pronoun Gi cieZx© Principal verb Gi present form Gi mwnZ ing+evwK Ask|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt Relative Pronoun Gi
c~e© ch©š—+ and +Relative Pronoun wUi
Personal Pronoun G iƒcvš—i+Finite
Verb+‡_‡K †kl ch©š—|
Complex: I saw a man who was working
in the field.
Simple: I saw a man
working in the field.
Compound: I saw a man and he was working in the field.
Complex: I saw a bird which was flying
in the sky.
Simple: I saw a bird
flying in the sky.
Compound: I saw a bird and it was flying in the sky.
11. Adjective Clause hy³ Complex Sentence wU _vK‡j
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt Adjective Clause wU‡K Noun phrase G iƒcvš—i Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt Relative Pronoun Gi
c~e© ch©š—+ and +Relative Pronoun wUi
Personal Pronoun G iƒcvš—i+Finite
Verb+‡_‡K †kl ch©š—|
Complex: I saw a boy who was lame.
Simple: I saw a lame
boy.
Compound: I saw a boy and he was lame.
12. Noun Clause hy³ Complex Sentence wU _vK‡j
Ø Simple Ki‡Zt Noun Clause wU‡K Noun phrase G iƒcvš—i Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ø
Compound
Ki‡Zt Subordinate
conjunction Zz‡j w`‡q gv‡S and Ges and Gi
ci subject wnmv‡e it
e‡m|
Complex: That he is honest is known to
all.
Simple: His honesty is
known to all.
Compound: He is honest and it is known to all.
Some more Example on Simple
& Complex
Simple into
Complex
Simple: Health is wealth.
Complex: It is health which is wealth.
Simple: I saw him playing in the
field.
Complex: I saw him when he was playing in
the field.
Or,
I saw that he was playing in the field.
Simple: I know his name .
Complex: I know what his name is.
Simple: He came at 5 p. m.
Complex: It was 5 p.m. when he came.
Simple: I am sure of passing.
Complex: I am sure that I shall pass.
Simple: His silence proves his guilt.
Complex: His silence proves that he is
guilty.
Or,
The fact that he is silent proves his guilt.
Simple: You may criticise my action.
Complex: You may criticise what I do.
Simple: He hoped to win the prize.
Complex: He hoped that he would win the
prize.
Simple: Our present house suits us.
Complex: The house in which we live at
present suits us.
Simple: He is a rich man.
Complex: He is a man who is rich.
Simple: I had exactly sixty pounds in
the bank.
Complex: Sixty pound was the exact amount
I had in the bank.
Or,
The amount I had in the bank was exactly sixty pounds.
Simple: I have no money to spare.
Complex: I have no money that I can spare.
Simple: They will pay only under
compulsion.
Complex: They will never pay unless they
are compelled.
Simple: Only students are allowed.
Complex: You can be allowed here only if
you are a student.
Simple: During my stay there I was
quite well.
Complex: I was quite well so long as I
stayed there.
Simple: I do not know the name of the
place.
Complex: I do not know what the name of the
place is.
Simple: He told me the truth.
Complex: He told me what the truth is.
Simple: I wish you every success in
your life.
Complex: I wish that you will succeed in
your life.
Simple: He admitted his mistake.
Complex: He admitted that he had mistaken.
Simple: Can you tell me the time?
Complex: Can you tell me what the time is?
Simple: He seems to be angry.
Complex: He seems that he is angry.
Simple: I would have failed without
your help.
Complex: I would have failed if you did not
help me.
Simple: In his absence I took charge of
the whole thing.
Complex: When he was absent, I took charge of
the whole thing.
Simple: I am sorry to hear of your
failure.
Complex: I am sorry that you have failed.
Simple: We are glad at his acquittal.
Complex: We are glad that he is acquitted of
the charge.
Simple: He is believed to be honest.
Complex: It is believed that he is honest.
Simple: I have heard of his illness.
Complex: I have heard that he is ill.
Simple: We know the name of the writer
of that letter.
Complex: We know who the writer of that
letter is.
Simple: Their explanation cannot be
true.
Complex: What they explain cannot be true.
Simple: He is not a man to tell a lie.
Complex: He is not such a man as will tell a
lie.
Simple: I shall be glad to help him in
any way.
Complex: I shall be glad if I can help him in
any way.
Simple: He is confident of success.
Complex: He is confident that he will
succeed.
Simple: We must hope for better times.
Complex: We must hope that better times will
come.
Simple: He left at night to escape being
seen by anyone.
Complex: He left at night so that none could
see him.
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence.
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocent.
Simple: I prayed for his recovery.
Complex: I prayed that he might recover.
Simple: He is a meritorious boy.
Complex: He is a boy who has merit.
Simple: I lost this pen yesterday.
Complex: This is the pen which I lost
yesterday.
Simple: I still remember the advice of
my departed father.
Complex: I still
remember the advice which was given by my departed father.
Simple: I want a car to drive.
Complex: I want a car that I can drive.
Simple: He is the last man to utter such
a word.
Complex: He is the last man who can utter
such a word.
Simple: I want to go home.
Complex: I want that I will go.
Simple: I know the manner of doing it.
Complex: I know how I can do it.
Simple: We hope for an early shower.
Complex: We hope that it will shower early.
Simple: The report of his illness is
true.
Complex: It is the true report that he
is ill. Or, The report that he is ill is true.
Simple: He has got his dues.
Complex: He has got what his dues were.
Simple: This is his birth-place.
Complex: This is the place where he was born.
Simple: A brave boy will not fear this.
Complex: The boy who is brave will not fear.
Simple: He did not get my letter.
Complex: He did not get the letter which I
wrote.
Simple: He was not a boy to be afraid of
hard work.
Complex: He was not such a boy as was afraid
of hard work.
Simple: This is my house.
Complex: This is the house where I live in.
Simple: He was the first boy to do it.
Complex: He was the first boy who did it.
Simple: He is a man of his word.
Complex: He is a man who works according to
his word.
Simple: He has none to help him.
Complex: He has no one who can help him.
Simple: I am in need of a good house.
Complex: I need a house which will be good.
Simple: I could not come on account of
my illness.
Complex: I could not come because I was ill.
Simple: He left after my departure.
Complex: He left after I had departed.
Simple: He talks wisely.
Complex: He talks wisely when he talks.
Simple: On coming home I learnt the
truth.
Complex: When I came home, I learnt the
truth.
Simple: Wait here till my return.
Complex: Wait here till I return.
Simple: I prayed for his recovery.
Complex: I prayed that he might recover.
Simple: He pleaded for his innocence
Complex: He pleaded that he was innocent.
Simple: We went to station by a taxi to
avoid missing the train.
Complex: We went to station by a taxi
lest we should miss the train.
Simple: Nobody will be allowed to enter
the hall without a ticket.
Complex: Nobody will be allowed to
enter the hall unless he has ticket.
Simple: She danced like an expert dancer.
Complex: She danced as if she were an expert
dancer.
Simple: To tell the truth he was absent.
Complex: The truth was that he was absent.
Simple: Only hard working boys will
succeed.
Complex: Only those boys who work hard will
succeed.
Simple: They cannot forget the losses
suffered by them.
Complex: They cannot forget the losses that
they have suffered.
Simple: The speaker, a man of
eloquence, spoke in favour of the matter.
Complex: The speaker, who was a man of eloquence, spoke in favour of the matter.
Simple: I always wonder to look at the
shining stars in the sky.
Complex: I always wonder when I look at the
stars that shine in the sky.
Simple: The world must be made safe for
the children to prosper.
Complex: The world must be made safe that the
children may prosper.
Simple: Spend your money carefully to
avoid falling into poverty.
Complex: Spend your money carefully lest you
should fall into poverty.
Simple: They cried at the top of their
voice.
Complex: They cried as loudly as they could.
Simple: Notwithstanding several efforts
he failed.
Complex: Though he made several efforts, he
failed.
Simple: I am certain of giving you
satisfaction.
Complex: I am certain that I shall give you
satisfaction.
Simple: He paid off his father's death.
Complex: He paid off the debts which his
father had contracted.
Simple: Hard-working pupils may win a
prize.
Complex: Such pupils as work hard may win a
prize.
Simple: The benefits of his early
training were soon lost.
Complex: The benefits that he derived from his early training were soon lost.
Simple: That is my father's burial
place.
Complex: That is the place where my father
was buried.
Simple: The boy was pleased at having
won a prize.
Complex: The boy was pleased that he had won
a prize.
Simple: The main point having been
gained, success is certain.
Complex: As the main point has been gained,
success is certain.
Complex into
Simple:
Complex: The Captain was annoyed that he had
not carried out his order.
Simple: The Captain was annoyed at his
not having carried out his order.
Complex: You can talk as much as you like.
Simple: You can talk to your heart's
content.
Complex: Everything comes if a man will only
work and wait.
Simple: Everything comes to a diligent
and patient man.
Complex: I am pushing my business wherever I
can find an opening.
Simple: I am pushing my business in every
possible direction.
Complex: He will not pay unless hi compelled.
Simple: He will pay only under
compulsion.
Complex: You have succeeded better than you
hoped.
Simple: You have succeeded beyond your
hope.
Complex: When the cat is away, the mice will
play.
Simple: In the absence of the cat, the
mice will play.
Complex: He does not always speak as he
thinks.
Simple: He does not always speak his
thoughts.
Complex: A good boy will always do as he is
commanded by his superiors.
Simple: A good boy will always carry out
the commands of his superiors.
Complex: I was surprised when I heard him
talk so.
Simple: I was surprised to hear him talk
so.
Complex: If I make a promise, I keep it.
Simple: I make a promise only to keep
it.
Complex: While there is life there is hope.
Simple: Life and hope are inseparable.
Complex: As you sow, so you will reap.
Simple: You will but reap the fruits of
your sowing.
Complex: The moment which is lost is lost
forever.
Simple: A lost moment is lost forever.
Complex: We came upon a hut where a peasant
lived.
Simple: We came upon a peasant's hut.
Complex: I have no advice that I can offer
you.
Simple: I have no advice to offer you.
Complex: How long I shall stay is doubtful.
Simple: The duration of my stay is
doubtful.
Complex: He remarked how impudent the boy
was.
Simple: He remarked on the boy's
impudence.
Complex: If you are not a Muslim, you cannot
be admitted.
Simple: Only Muslims are admitted.
Complex: It is sad that he died so soon.
Simple: His death at so young an age is
sad.
Complex: We need not disbelieve what he said.
Simple: We need not disbelieve his word.
Exercise on
Transformation of Sentence
Simple,
Complex, Compound
Complex into Simple &
Compound
1.
When the ceremony was over, they were all going to the feast.
2.
The Sailors saw a ship that was coming to them.
3.
If you take exercise regularly, you can be healthy.
4.
If you don't walk fast, you will miss the train.
5. I
am sure that he will succeed.
6.
The boy was so foolish that he could not understand a simple matter.
7.
When it was daylight, I was half awakened.
8.
When it was winter, I visited the Tazmahal.
9.
When I was ten, I visited the national zoo.
10.
He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.
11.
When my mutton chop arrived, she took me to task.
12.
The authoress went to Carolina Mountains when it was autumn.
13.
You came here when you were only four.
14.
He was reading when it was raining.
15.
He declared that he was innocent.
16.
Though he is dishonest, he is respected by some people.
Compound into Simple &
Complex
1.
The sea water was very salty and they could not drink it.
2.
He had all the qualification but he didn't get good job.
3.
Run fast or you cannot win the race.
4.
Work hard and you will prosper in life.
5. I
was ill and could not attend the party.
6.
She finished her cry and attended to her cheek.
7.
He behaved rough but he was not punished.
8. I
saw a man and he was working in the field.
9.
The man is very weak and so cannot lift the heavy weight.
10.
The student wants to make a good result and so he studies hard.
11.
It twenty years ago and I visited the Sunderbans.
12.
It was 5p.m. and I was reading a magazine.
13.
It was winter and she came here.
14.
I visited the sea beach of Cox'sbazar and then I was only ten.
15.
Bangladesh is a small country but has a huge population.
16.
Though she is beautiful, she is not intelligent.
Simple into Complex &
Compound
1.
Entering the classroom, the teacher found the boys gossiping.
2.
The sun having risen, the fog dispersed.
3.
The load being very heavy, he cannot carry it.
4.
In spite of his working hard, he could not reach his goal.
5. I
saw a bird flying in the sky.
6.
He is too weak to move an inch.
7.
They saw the drunken porter lying on the floor.
8. I
was there in autumn.
9. I
dislike him for his laziness.
10.
We read to learn.
11.
I saw a lame man.
12.
On the arrival of my mutton chop, she took me to task.
13.
At the time of my reading, he entered my room.
14.
In winter, I will visit my aunt.
15.
At the age of twenty, I will be an honours graduate.
Some more on Complex into
Simple
1. I
don't know the reason why he was absent in the meeting yesterday.
2.
As soon as he knew the matter, he started to weep.
3.
This is the place where I was born.
4.
Bogra is the place where I was born.
5.
1971 is the year when Bangladesh became independent.
6.
He told me how he could solve his problem.
7.
No sooner had we reached the playground than the match began.
8. I
am now reading a novel which is written by Charles Dickens.
9. I
shall go to college after I have taken my breakfast.
10.
I go to bed after I have completed my lesson.
11.
I shall go home when I have finished my work.
12.
Before I go home, I shall meet John.
13.
I don't know why he left us.
14.
He informed me how he could overcome his setback.
Some more on Compound into
Simple
1.
He is not only a poet but also a singer.
2.
He ate not only an apple but also an orange.
3.
We gave him not only food but also shelter.
4.
We reached the station and just then the train left.
5.
He is honest and we are sure about it.
Transformation
of Degree
Superlative
into Positive & Comparative
Rule no. 1. Of any/of all/ïay Superlative form _vK‡jt
Ø
Positive Ki‡Zt No other +Superlative Gi c‡ii Ask+ Verb+ So/as+ Superlative
wUi Positive Form +as + g~j Sentence Gi Subject wU|
Ø
Comparative
Ki‡Zt cÖ`Ë Sentence Gi
Subject+verb+ Superlative wUi Comparative
Form+than any other/than all other +evwK Ask|
Superlative :
Bithi is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
Positive :
No other girl I have ever seen is as beautiful as Bithi.
Comparative :
Bithi is more beautiful than any other girl I have ever seen.
Superlative :
She is the best of all girls in the class.
Positive :
No other girl in the class is so good as she.
Comparative :
She is better than all other girls in the class.
[Of
all _vK‡j
than all other Avi evwK mKj †¶‡Î than any other e‡m|]
[No
other, of any, any other Gi c‡ii Noun/pronoun Gi Singular form nq| Avevi,
all other, most other, many other, few other, very few, one of the Gi c‡ii Noun/pronoun
Gi Plural
form nq|]
Rule no. 2. One of the hy³ Superlative _vK‡jt
Ø
Positive Ki‡Zt
Very few +Superlative Gi c‡ii
Ask+ Verb (Plural+ So/as+ Superlative wUi
Positive Form +as + g~j Sentence
Gi Subject wU|
Ø
Comparative
Ki‡Zt
cÖ`Ë Sentence Gi Subject+verb+
Superlative wUi Comparative
Form+than many/most other +evwK Ask|
Superlative :
Quaium is one of the shortest boys in the family.
Positive :
Very few boys in the family are as short as Quaium.
Comparative :
Quaium is shorter than most other boys in the family.
Superlative :
Gold is one of the most precious metals.
Positive :
Very few metals are as precious as gold.
Comparative :
Gold is more precious than most other metals.
* Dc‡iv³
`ywU wbqg me¸wji g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q| myZivs Dc‡iv³ MVbcÖYvjx I D`vniY¸wj fvjfv‡e
hZœmnKv‡i g‡b ivL‡jB Degree Gi Transformation G Avi
mgm¨v _vK‡e bv|
GQvov wbgœwjwLZ wbqg¸wj Dc‡iv³ wbqg †_‡K Avjv`v ZvB G¸‡jv
Avjv`fv‡e †`Iqv njt
ïay Than hy³ Comparative †K Positive Ki‡Zt
Ø
Sentence wU Affirmative n‡jt
·
Than Gi c‡ii sub+ verb+not as/so Ges Comparative wUi Positive Form+ 1g Subject.
Comparative :
Rabiul is taller than Matin.
Positive :
Matin is not so tall as Rabiul.
Ø
Sentence wU Negative n‡jt
·
Than Gi c‡ii sub+ verb+as Ges Comparative wUi Positive Form+ 1g Subject.
Comparative :
Rahi is not cleverer than Sohel.
Positive :
Sohel is as clever as Rahi.
Less ........ than
hy³ Compartive †K Positive Ki‡Zt
·
Less Gi cwie‡Z© not as Ges than Gi cwie‡Z©
as e‡m|
Comparative :
He is less stupid than you said.
Positive : He is
not as stupid as you said.
Not less ........
than hy³ Compartive †K Positive Ki‡Zt
·
Not less Gi cwie‡Z© as Ges
than Gi cwie‡Z© as e‡m|
Comparative :
He is not less dull than an ass.
Positive : He is
as dull as an ass.
Exercise
1. He is the handsomest man I have
ever seen. (Positive & Comparative)
2. Kamran is the wickedest of all
boys in this area. (Positive & Comparative)
3. He is the most important
of any member in the committee. (Positive
& Comparative)
4. She is one of the most intelligent girls I have ever
seen. (Positive
& Comparative)
5. She is less ugly than you said. (Positive)
6. Karim is less not stupid than any boy in the class. (Positive)
7. Her face is more radiant than the full moon. (Positive)
8. A lion is not braver than he. (Positive)
9. He is not as important as she. (Comparative)
10. He is as dull as an ass. (Comparative)
11. No other woman is as industrious as she. (Comparative & Superlative)
12. Very few girls in the class are as beautiful as she. (Comparative
& Superlative)
13. You are wickeder than any other boy in the team. (Positive & Superlative)
14. Mother Teresa is better than many other women in Asia. (Positive
& Superlative)
15. Ramjan is taller than all other men in the office. (Positive & Superlative)
16. Fahim is cleverer than most other people in this
village. (Positive & Superlative)
17. Toma is taller than many other girls in the class. (Positive & Superlative)
18. Jamil is nicer than many other men in the locality. (Positive & Superlative)
Exercise Based on NCTB
sample question
1. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
No person can be happy without friends. So, (a) everybody wants
friends. (Negative) (b) The heart is formed for love and cannot be happy
without the opportunity of giving and receiving love. (Complex) But (c) you
cannot receive affection unless you give it also. (simple). You cannot find
others to love you unless you love them. Love is to be important for
cultivating a cheerful and obliging disposition. (d) You cannot be happy
without it. (Interrogative). So, (e) as love is divine, everybody wants
love. (Compound)
2. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
Bangladesh is a land of rivers. The Padma is one of the biggest
rivers in Bangldesh. (Comparative) When it is summer, it becomes
emaciated. (Simple) During the rainy season it assumes a terrible shape.
(Complex) Every body knows this. (Interrogative) Tourists from home
and abroad visit its shore. (Passive)
3. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) No other problem in Bangladesh is as great as illiteracy. (Comparative)
Most of our people cannot read or write. (b) So the literacy rate in
Bangladesh is very poor. (Negative) (c) It is too poor to imagine.
(Complex) (d) It is the duty of the educated people to educate the
illiterate. (Interrogative) (e) The government has taken necessary steps
to eradicate illiteracy. (Passive)
4. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox's Bazar.
(Interrogative) (b) I gladly accepted the invitation. (Passive) (c) When
I reached there, my friend received me cordially. (Compound) (d) I was
very glad to see the sea-beach. (Exclamatory) (e) It was one of the most
memorable journeys in my life. (Positive)
5. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) Poverty is the greatest problem in our country. (Positive)
Bu we hardly realize that this miserable condition is our own creation. (b) Many
do not try to better their condition by hard labour. (Compound) (c) They
only curse their fate. (Passive). But this is not reality. (d) It is man
who is the maker of his own fortune. (Simple) So, they should work hard to
improve their lot. (e) By working hard, they can remove their condition.
(Negative)
6. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
Tahsan is my friend. (a) He is a regular student. (negative)
(b) He is never late to attend his classes. (affirmative) (c) He
wants to be a doctor to serve people. (complex) For this reason, he has
been working hard. (d) He sits to read when it is time to read. (simple)
(e) He is loved by his parents, teachers and friends. (active)
7. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) Amina's life was very difficult. (negative) She was fighting
for her family and herself. (b) One day she got loan from the Grameen Bank
and started to make a plan. (simple) (c) She bought a dheki to husk
rice. (complex) People could hear the thudding of her dheki at late hours
of the night. (d) In spite of her working very hard, there was happiness in
her heart. (compound) (e) She was a very hard working and responsible
loanee. (negative)
8. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as directed
in the brackets.
(a) Truthfulness is the greatest of all virtues in a man.
(comparative) It means the quality of speaking the truth. (b) Although it
may not make one rich, it brings peace of mind. (compound) (c) Everybody
respects a truthful person. (Interrogative) S/he cannot commit vice. (d) Who
does not love a truthful person? (passive) Many persons of the world have
become great by virtue of truthfulness. (e) Truthfulness may lead the whole
world to peace and happiness. (complex)
9. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
We are Bangladeshis. (a) We are proud of our freedom fighters.
(Interrogative) (b) Their contribution will never be forgotten.
(affirmative) They were inspired by the common people. (c) Their sacrifice
is greater than any other thing. (positive) (d) But today many of them
lead a very miserable life. (complex) (e) If we take proper steps, their
condition may improve. (simple)
10. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) Health is wealth. (complex) A good health is a guarantee
for happiness. (b) A healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man.
(positive) (c) Though a healthy man is an asset to his family, an unhealthy
man is a liability. (compound) (d) He can succeed in life.
(interrogative) (e) Everyone cannot but be courageous of his health.
(affirmative)
11. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) Once upon a time there was a girl named Jesmin. (complex) Though
she was a nice little girl, she was not an ordinary child. (compound) She
passed her time in reading and writing. (interrogative) Her parents
liked her very much. (negative) Everyone praised her. (Passive)
12. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) Mango is one of the sweetest fruits in the world.
(comparative) Most of he mangoes of Bangladesh are grown in Chapai Nawabganj
district. (b) Selling these mangoes, people earn a lot of money.
(compound) (c) People all over the country visit this place. (passive)
(d) Mangoes are ripe in the summer. (complex) At this time the mango
orchards look very nice. (e) I wish I could visit this place.
(exclamatory)
13. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
Today corruption is a very familiar term in Bangladesh. (a) Corruption
is the most dangerous weapon to destroy a society. (positive) (b) It
lies in every phase of our society. (complex) (c) Some drastic steps
have been taken against the corruption. (active) (d) The persons in the
high rank of the society are involved in corruption and have become millionaires through corruption.
(simple) (e) Social awareness is very essential to resist corruption.
(exclamatory) The corrupt persons should be brought under trial quite
importantly.
14. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
Bangladesh is a small country with a vast population. (a) Very few
countries in the world are as populous as it. (comparative) Most of the
people here live in the villages. (b) People who live in the villages are
farmers. (simple) (c) The villagers work hard to support themselves. (complex)
(d) They are honest and pious. (negative) (e) They should be taken
care of. (active)
15. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) People in general are fond of glittering things. (complex)
They are the lovers of surface. (b) They are connected with the outer show
of things and beings. (active) They do not bother about intrinsic value.
(c) Gold is a metal which is very precious. (simple) (d) But there
are some other metals looking like gold. (compound) (e) They fade soon
and lose their beauty. (simple)
16. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) Cricket is a very exciting game. (exclamatory) (b) People
of all ages enjoy the game.
(passive) (c) At present cricket is the most popular game in our country.
(comparative) (d) Though cricket is a costly game, people of all classes
enjoy playing it. (simple) There are two types of cricket-one day cricket
and test cricket. (e) Bangladesh is a test playing country but its standard
is not high. (complex)
17. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
I read in a school. It stands in a district town. (a) It is one of
the most famous schools in our district. (comparative) (b) The school
was established in 1850. (active) The river Modhumati flows by the side of
the school. (c) The scenery of the school is very charming.
(exclamatory) (d) There is a large flower garden in front of the school.
(complex) Most of the teachers of our school are highly qualified. (e) They
are always sincere to their duties. (negative)
18. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) A fool was sitting by the side of a village road. (complex)
(b) He was digging holes in several places. (passive) Now it happened
that a king's minister was passing by that way. (c) Seeing the strange
appearance of the fool, he asked him about the reason of his action.
(compound) He also said that people passing by would put their feet in them and
fall down. The fool replied, "Why should they fall in? I have not dug in
the middle of the path. (d) Only those who leave the straight road will fall
into my pit." (negative) (e) The minister then asked what his
occupation was. (simple)
19. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) We should read books to gain knowledge. (complex) (b) Books
introduce us to the realm of knowledge. (passive) (c) The books of great
writers, contain noble thoughts and great ideas. (interrogative) (d) If
we read books, we can enrich our minds. (simple) The reading of books
brings perfection in our life. and there is no alternative to reading books.
(e) Books are the greatest friends. (positive)
20. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
Industry is the key to success. (a) One can prosper in life by
working hard. (negative) (b) We have to work hard to earn money or to
gain knowledge. (complex) (c) Those who are idle always lag behind.
(simple) (d) Idle people are nothing but the burden of the society.
(simple) (e) They give nothing to the country. (interrogative)
21. Transform the underlined sentences in the following passage as
directed in the brackets.
(a) Meena needed as much food as Raju. (comparative) (b) Raju
thought that he worked harder than Meena. (positive) Next morning Meena
told Mithu to get up as he had to light the fire. (c) Raju found out that it
was not easy to light the fire. (affirmative) Meena took Lali, the cow out
to the field to graze. (d) The hungry chickens jumped all over Raju when he was
sweeping the floor. (simple) The neigbours were surprised to see Raju
collecting water. (complex)
No comments:
Post a Comment