Friday, 6 November 2015

Article & Some essential Rules Learning




Article t Bs‡iRx fvlvq e¨eüZ  a, an Ges the ‡K Article ejv nq|
                        Article `yB cÖKvi|
·    Indefinite Article.
·    Definite Article
v  Indefinite Article:  A I an  Øviv †Kvb Awbw`ó e¨w³, e¯‘ I cÖvYx‡K eySvq ewjqv Bnvw`M‡K Indefinite Article e‡j|  AI an  Øviv †Kvb Awbw`ó e¨w³, e¯‘ I cÖvYxi GKwU gvÎ msL¨v eySv‡bv nq| "A boy" Phrase Gi evsjv A_© n‡”Q GKwU evjK, G‡¶‡Î Awbw`ó †Kvb GKRb evjK‡K eySv‡bv n‡”Q| A_©‡f‡` AI an  Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ bvB| Z‡e e¨envi †f‡` Bnv‡`i cv_©K¨ iwnqv‡Q|


v  Definite Article: The Øviv †Kvb Awbw`ó e¨w³, e¯‘ I cÖvYx‡K eySvq ewjqv Bnvw`M‡K Indefinite Article e‡j|  AI an  Øviv GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvYx‡K wbw`l& Kwiqv eySvq ewjqv Bnv‡K Definite Article  e‡j| "The boy" Phrase wUi evsjv A_© n‡”Q ÓevjKwUÓ G‡¶‡Î †Kvb GK wbw`©ó evj‡Ki K_v D‡j­L Kiv n‡”Q|
·         †Kej gvÎ Singular Noun  Gi c~‡e© a I an e‡m|
                        †hgb- a boy. [GLv‡b boy n‡”Q singular noun. ]
·                                 The DfqcÖKvi noun (A_©vr singular I plural noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m|)
                        †hgb-    The girl. [GLv‡b The girl n‡”Q singular noun. ]
                                    The girls. [GLv‡b The girls. n‡”Q Plural noun. ]
·         Article (a, an I the) Adjective me©`vq Adjective wnmv‡e e¨eüZ nq|

A I an Gi e¨envit

1. †Kvb Word Gi ïi“‡Z Consonant _vwK‡j mvaviYZ D³ Word Gi c~‡e© a e‡m| †hgbt a boy, a dog, a cow, a bird, a man, a girl BZ¨vw`|

e¨wZµgt
†Kvb Word Gi ïi“‡Z Aby”PvwiZ "h" (A_©vr k‡ãi ïi“‡Z h _vKv m‡Ë¡I D”PvwiZ nq bv, c¶vš—‡i Vowel sound wewkó nq) _vwK‡j D³ Word Gi c~‡e© a Gi cwie‡Z© an e‡m| †hgbt an hour, (AvIqvi) an heir, (Gqvi) an honest (A‡b÷) man BZ¨vw`

2. †Kvb Word Gi ïi“‡Z Vowel (A_©vr a,e,i,o,u) _vwK‡j mvaviYZ D³ Word Gi c~‡e© an e‡m|
†hgbt an urban area, an apple, an ass BZ¨vw`|
e¨wZµgt
(i) †Kvb Word Gi ïi“‡Z Consonant _vKv m‡Ë¡I D”PviY hw` Vowel Gi gZ nq Z‡e D³ Word Gi c~‡e© an Gi cwie‡Z© a e‡m| †hgbt He is an M.A. He is an F.R.C.S.
(ii) k‡ãi ïi“‡Z E, U ev Eu _vKv m‡Ë¡I hw` Dnvi D”PviY ÔBDÕ nq Zvn‡j D³ k‡ãi c~‡e© an Gi cwie‡Z© a e‡m| †hgbt a ewe, a university, a European BZ¨vw`|
(iii) ‡Kvb k‡ãi ïi“‡Z ''O'' _vK‡j Ges D”PviY ÔÔIqvÕÕi gZ n‡j D³ k‡ãi c~‡e© an Gi cwie‡Z© a e‡m|
†hgbt
·      He is a one-eyed boy.
·      I gave him a one taka note BZ¨vw`|
3. Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev ¸‡bi mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡Z ev ¸Y eySv‡Z Article iƒ‡c a/an e¨eüZ nq|
†hgbt
·      He is a Hitler.
·      She is a nice.
·      Helen is a beauty.
·      You are a Rabindranath, I see. BZ¨vw`|
4. GKwU gvÎ noun  Øviv †Kvb †kªYx ev †Mvôx‡K †evSv‡bv n‡j Article iƒ‡c a/an e¨eüZ nq|
†hgbt
·      A student has to study hard.
·      A car has four wheels. BZ¨vw`|
5. g~j¨, MwZ‡eM, nvi, AbycvZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q ejvi mgq ÒcÖ‡Z¨KÓ A_© eySv‡bvi Rb¨ Article iƒ‡c a/an e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt
·      He comes here twice a week.
·      Rice sells ten taka a ser.
·      The train goes 60 miles an hour BZ¨vw`|
6. Preposition wn‡m‡e A‡bK mgq a e¨eüZ nq| Giƒc †¶‡Î a Gi A_© on nq| †hgbt
·      The beggar goes a begging (on begging).
·      The fisherman goes a fishing (on fishing).
·      The man went a hunting (on hunting). BZ¨vw`|
7. Hundred, dozen, pair BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© One †evSv‡Z Article iƒ‡c a e¨eüZ nq|
†hgbt A hundred taka note. A dozen of eggs. BZ¨vw`|
8. KwZcq Phrase Gi mv‡_ Article iƒ‡c a/an e¨eüZ nq|
†hgbt Come to an end, come to a close, a lot of, a great deal of, a number of, a large number of, a good number of, a host of BZ¨vw`|

9. Such, many, as, rather, quite, so, too BZ¨vw`i c‡i A‡bK mgq Article iƒ‡c a/an e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt
·      Such a man is rare.
·      Many a girl was present in the seminar.
·      He is so intelligent a boy than he can understand everything.
·      As a teacher he is perfectly alright.
10. hvi bvg D‡j­L K‡i wKQy ejv n‡q‡Q †m †Kvb AcwiwPZ e¨w³ n‡j Gi Proper Noun Gi c~‡e© Article iƒ‡c a e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt A Mr. Roy came to meet you.

The Gi e¨envit
1. wbw`©ó †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯‘ A_ev †Kvb cÖvYx eySv‡Z The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt
The boy, the pen, the cat, the pencil, the book, the table. BZ¨vw`|
2. †Kvb Singular common noun Øviv hLb †Kvb RvwZ ev †Mvôx‡K eySv‡bv nq ZLb The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt The cow is a useful animal.
·      The horse is a domestic animal.
·      The dog is a faithful animal. BZ¨vw`|
3. RvwZi cy‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt The English are a wise nation.
4. b`x, mvMi, gnvmvMi BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt The Meghna. The Atlantic BZ¨vw`|
5. wØccyÄ, ce©Z‡kªYx, eb, gi“fywg BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt The Himalayas, The Andaman,  The Sahara BZ¨vw`|
6. wewkó ¯’vb ev †`‡ki bv‡gi c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt The U.S.A., The Punjab, The U.A.E. The U.K. BZ¨vw`|
7. †Kvb ag©MÖš’, msev`cÎ, gnvKve¨, †Kvb cÖwm× NUbv ev HwZnvwmK NUbv, wb`k©b, RvnvR, wbw`©ó ZvwiL BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt The Quran, The 21st February, The Observer, The Shah Jalal, The battle of Palacy, The Shahnama, The Ramayana   BZ¨vw`|
8. †`‡ni †Kvb A½ eySv‡Z Zvi c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt
·      I pulled the boy by the hand.
·      I hit him on the head.
9. ‡Kvb AwØZxq wRwbm †hgbt MÖn, c„w_ex, Puv`, ZvRgnj BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq|
†hgbt The Tazmahal, The Sun, The Moon BZ¨vw`|
10. ¸bMZ w`K †_‡K GKwU Noun †K Ab¨ Gi Noun mgK¶ †evSv‡Z The e¨eüZ nq|
†hgbt Nazrul is the Shelley of Bangladesh.
11. GKB ev‡K¨ ci ci `ywU Comparative Degree em‡j The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt
·      The more you sleep the lazier you will become.
·      The more, the merrier.
12. Comparative Degree Gi Subject †K wbw`©ó K‡i †evSv‡Z The e¨eüZ nq|
†hgbt He is the better of the two.
13. Superlative Degree Gi c~‡e© The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt He is the best boy in the class.
14. †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb‡K wbw`©ó K‡i †evSv‡Z wKsev GKB e¨w³ wewfbœ  c‡`i AwaKvix n‡j cÖ_g c`exi c~‡e©
The e¨eüZ nq| †hgbt
·      Rubel is the principal of our college.
·      He the Headmaster and secretary of the school.
15. ‡Kvb we‡kl †Mvôx ev m¤cÖ`vq‡K †evSv‡Z Adjective Gi c~‡e© The e‡m|
·      The poor are not always unhappy.
·      The old should be taken care of.

†h me ¯’v‡b Article Gi e¨envi wbwl×t
1. gvbe RvwZ, †Kvb fvlv Ges Avj­vni bv‡gi c~‡e© The e‡m bv| †hgbt Man is mortal. Allah is kind.
2. wbw`©ó K‡i bv eySvB‡j Material Ges Abstract noun Gi c~‡e© †Kvb Article e‡m bv| †hgbt
·      Water has no colour.
·      Iron is a solid substance.
3. n«‡`i bvg, GKwU gvÎ Øxc, GKwU gvÎ ce©Z, evi ev gvm, iv¯—vi bvg, †iv‡Mi bv‡gi c~‡e© mvaviYZ †Kvb Article e‡m bv| †hgbt Lake Superior, Mount Everest

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